State v. McNamara

• Decision Date: 08 August 1986
• Parties: STATE of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Kevin McNAMARA, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 102

212 N.J.Super. 102

514 A.2d 63

STATE of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Kevin McNAMARA, Defendant-Appellant.

Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division.

Submitted July 29, 1986.

Decided Aug. 8, 1986.

Thomas S. Smith, Jr., Acting Public Defender, attorney for defendant-appellant (Frederick P. Niemann, designated counsel, Holmdel, on letter brief).

Appellant filed a supplemental brief, pro se.

W. Cary Edwards, Atty. Gen., attorney for plaintiff-respondent (Christopher G. Bubb, Deputy Atty. Gen., of counsel and on letter brief; Abbie P. Maliniak, Deputy Atty. Gen., on supplemental letter brief).

Before Judges GAYNOR and STERN.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

STERN, J.S.C. (temporarily assigned).

Defendant was indicted for burglary, contrary to N.J.S.A. 2C:18-2. The offense occurred on February 14, 1981, and the indictment was returned on June 18, 1981. Following trial by jury defendant was convicted and was subsequently sentenced to the custody of the Commissioner of Corrections for five years and was ordered to serve two years thereon before parole eligibility. The sentence was made consecutive to a term defendant was serving at the time of sentencing. He was also fined $100 and ordered to pay $25 to the Violent Crimes Compensation Board.

In the brief filed by counsel on behalf of defendant he argues only that "the defendant's conviction should be reversed and the indictment dismissed because the defendant's right to a speedy trial was violated."

Our careful review of the record, as well as the lack of it, convinces us that this argument is clearly without merit. R. 2:11-3(e)(2). Defendant was arrested in February 1981 and indicted in June of that year. He was released on bail following his arrest. The docket entries indicate proceedings directed to forfeiture of bail and reactivation of an inactive case. Apparently, defendant did not appear for proceedings as a result of incarceration elsewhere. On May 4, 1984 a hearing was held at which time the motion judge denied several pretrial motions and indicated that there would be a hearing on the Jackson v. Denno issue.

The docket indicates that a Notice of Motion to Dismiss the Indictment was filed on July 5, 1984 and was denied on July 27, 1984 in the absence of an appearance by defendant. When trial commenced on October 31, 1984 a record was created with respect to the motion. Defendant indicated that he had filed a motion for dismissal " ... for being unable to find witnesses. I didn't name the witnesses I was looking for. I didn't know what his name was...." Defendant indicated that his motion for dismissal was ".... due to the fact that I couldn't find a witness because of the great period of time that had elapsed." The trial judge heard the motion on the first day of trial because the defendant had been incarcerated at the time it was originally scheduled.

Defendant advised the court that following his arrest in February 1981 he was incarcerated in Rahway State Prison from June 1981 until December 1981. ¹ Defendant admitted that he was also incarcerated in Essex County in September and October 1982 and in Ocean County between July 25, 1983 and April 12, 1984. In April 1984 defendant was sentenced to concurrent terms of five years imprisonment and was serving the sentence in the Southern State Correctional Facility at the time the motion and trial were scheduled.

The fact that defendant is incarcerated cannot in and of itself justify a denial of speedy trial. Writs may be sent to facilities where a defendant is incarcerated for purposes of bringing him to trial. Cf. e.g., Dickey v. Florida, 398 U.S. 30, 90 S.Ct. 1564, 26 L.Ed.2d 26 (1970); Smith v. Hooey, 393 U.S. 374, 89 S.Ct. 575, 21 L.Ed.2d 607 (1969). This is particularly true when defendant is within the state or within the jurisdiction of the Department of Corrections which can produce him for appearance at the county level. Nevertheless, the defendant's status, including knowledge or lack of knowledge concerning his custodial status, and trial commitments in other jurisdictions have bearing on the factors relating to denial of speedy trial.

Here, defendant was released on bail after his arrest and failed to appear for pretrial proceedings, apparently because of arrests and incarceration elsewhere. This is not a situation where, after incarceration in the Middlesex County Jail, defendant was transported to other jurisdictions without release on bail or with knowledge of Middlesex County authorities. Further, there appears to have been no request for speedy trial while defendant was incarcerated or otherwise, nor any motion seeking a trial date or dismissal until July 1984, and the trial was conducted within four months thereafter. Moreover, we perceive no prejudice, and defendant himself indicated that he did not even know the names of the witnesses he would have endeavored to call for trial. Therefore, while perhaps greater efforts could have been made to ascertain defendant's status and whereabouts at the time of his bail forfeiture and entry of judgment on the recognizance (which could have a more significant impact were the other circumstances different), we are satisfied that the trial judge properly denied the motion to dismiss for lack of speedy trial. Even assuming that some delay was attributable to the judicial system in not ascertaining defendant's whereabouts or bringing him to trial while incarcerated within the state, the lack of request for speedy trial prior to July 1984 and the absence of prejudice, together with the reasons for delay attributable, at least in part, to incarceration elsewhere, lead us to conclude that the motion was properly denied. See Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972); State v. Szima, 70 N.J. 196, 358 A.2d 773 (1976), cert. den. 429 U.S. 896, 97 S.Ct. 259, 50 L.Ed.2d 180 (1976); State v. Smith, 131 N.J.Super. 354, 330 A.2d 29 (App.Div.1974), aff'd o.b. 70 N.J. 213, 358 A.2d 782 (1976). Cf. State v. Binn, 208 N.J.Super. 443, 506 A.2d 67 (App.Div.1986).

It his pro se supplementary brief defendant argues:

POINT I INCLUSION BY THE TRIAL COURT OF AN INELIGIBLE JUROR RENDERS THE INSTANT JUDGMENT OF CONVICTION VOID.

POINT II TRIAL JUDGE'S RULING THAT ALLEGED ORAL STATEMENTS BE ADMITTED AT TRIAL WAS MADE WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF THE RULES OF EVIDENCE

POINT III TRIAL JUDGE WHO WAS FIRST ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, AT TIME OF APPELLANT'S INDICTMENT, AND WHO SUPERVISED THE TRIAL PROSECUTOR, SHOULD HAVE RECUSED HIMSELF, SUA SPONTE

We have carefully reviewed these contentions and conclude that they do not warrant reversal of the conviction. We do, however, make some additional comments with respect to them.

It is true, as defendant argues, that N.J.S.A. 2A:69-4 provides:

Any person who has served as a grand or petit juror or as a struck juror shall be ineligible to serve either as a grand or petit or struck juror for 1 year thereafter.

While it appears that the ineligibility provision is mandatory, there is another statute which must be considered with respect to the subject. N.J.S.A. 2A:78-6 provides, in pertinent part:

It shall be good cause of challenge to any person summoned ... as a petit juror on the trial of any action of a civil or criminal nature in any of the courts of this state ... that he has served as a petit juror within the preceding year. Such person shall be discharged upon such challenge being verified according to law or on his own oath in support thereof.

No exception to any juror, grand or petit on account of ... other legal disability shall be allowed after the juror has been sworn.

In support of the conviction the State argues that State v. Pereira, 202 N.J.Super. 434, 495 A.2d 431 (App.Div.1985) is distinguishable. There the venireman indicated that he had sat as a juror within the twelve months prior to trial and defendant exercised a challenge for cause which was denied. In that instance, the court indicated " ... the Legislature has made it a 'GOOD CAUSE OF CHALLENGE ... that he has served as a petit juror within the preceding year.' N.J.S.A. 2A:78-6. In mandatory language such person is required to be discharged." Id. at 438, 495 A.2d 431. Pereira is therefore distinguishable because here there was neither a challenge by the defendant nor a denial of a request by the juror who had served within a year that he be excused.

We need not examine the impact of defendant's failure to exercise all peremptory challenges because we are satisfied that in the absence of an application by defendant or by the juror that he be excused, and in the absence of a peremptory challenge directed to the juror, there can be no reversal on this ground. We have an obligation to construe legislative enactments as a unitary and harmonious whole insofar as that may be possible in order that each may be fully effective. See ...