State v. Moscone

• Decision Date: 31 August 1976
• Citation: 171 Conn. 500,370 A.2d 1030
• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Mark MOSCONE.

Page 1030

370 A.2d 1030

171 Conn. 500

STATE of Connecticut v. Mark MOSCONE.

Supreme Court of Connecticut.

Aug. 31, 1976.

George N. Thim, Sp. Public Defender, for appellant (defendant).

Richard F. Jacobson, Asst. State's Atty, with whom, on the brief, were Donald A. Browne, State's Atty., and Walter D. Flanagan, Asst. State's Atty., for appellee (state).

HOUSE, C.J., and COTTER, BOGDANSKI, LONGO and BARBER, JJ.

BARBER, Associate Justice.

The defendant was charged with the crimes of rape in the first degree in violation of § 53a-72(a)(1) of the General Statutes and deviate sexual intercourse in the first degree in violation of § 53a-75(a)(1) of the General Statutes. On a trial to a jury, he was found guilty of rape and not guilty of deviate sexual intercourse. He has appealed from the judgment rendered, claiming the court erred in admitting into evidence the testimony of two police officers concerning incriminating statements made by the defendant. Our disposition of these claims renders unnecessary any consideration of his other numerous assignments of error.

A brief summary of the facts will serve to place the defendant's claims in context. On the night of March 6, 1974, the complaining witness, W, ¹ was accosted by a man as she was walking home to her apartment in Danbury from a neighborhood grocery store. The man told W he had a gun, and he ordered her to walk along with him. He forced her down a river bank and under a bridge, where he sexually assaulted her and then forced her to go with him to an abandoned building where he again sexually assaulted her. W and her assailant were together for a period of three hours during which time she had ample opportunity to observe his appearance. At trial, W made an in-court identification of the defendant as her assailant. The defendant did not dispute the fact that W had been assaulted by someone, and the main issue at trial was the identity of the assailant. W testified that her assailant had been armed with a knife and that he had threatened her with it. The state offered the testimony of Captain Nelson Macedo of the Danbury police force who, over the defendant's objection testified that on the night of his arrest the defendant, in response to a question by Macedo, had stated that he did not know where the knife was and that he (the defendant) had thrown it away.

During trial, the defendant made an oral motion to suppress testimony concerning his statement about the knife, claiming the statement had been obtained in circumstances which violated the rules set out in Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, and therefore was inadmissible. A hearing on the motion to suppress was held out of the presence of the jury.

Previous testimony at the trial had established that the defendant had been arrested at some time after 9 o'clock in the evening of March 8, 1974. At the hearing, Captain Macedo testified that he had been called to the Danbury police station shortly after midnight, two or three hours after the arrest. Upon arriving at the police station, Macedo was told by a police sergeant on duty that the defendant had already been advised of his Miranda rights. Before questioning the defendant, Macedo also advised the defendant of his rights and the defendant signed a card indicating that he had been so informed and understood those rights. Macedo asked the defendant, who was then seventeen years old, if he wanted to call his parents and the defendant replied that his mother would commit suicide if she learned of his arrest. The defendant did not tell Macedo that he wanted to see a lawyer. Macedo then asked the defendant about the knife, and he replied that he had thrown it away and did not know where it was.

The defendant presented no testimony at the hearing but relied instead upon the following disclosure made in response to a pretrial order: 'After his arrest the defendant stated that he would not say anything until he saw his lawyer. When asked if he wanted to call his parents he responded that if he called his mother she would commit suicide. When asked about the knife he had used he stated that he had thrown it away and further stated that he did not remember where he had thrown it. The State also is enclosing herewith a copy of a report of Sergeant Raymond Horn which contains an oral statement made by the defendant.' (Emphasis added.) The defendant argues that, as revealed by this disclosure, he had requested an opportunity to meet with a lawyer before answering any questions and that he had made this request before being questioned by Captain Macedo. He contends that this request, in and of itself, should have been sufficient to prevent any further questioning until he had in fact consulted with a lawyer or had himself indicated a willingness to answer questions. He claims that the renewed questioning by Captain Macedo, even though preceded by a renewed warning of his rights, violated the procedures mandated by Miranda and the statement obtained as a result of this questioning was, therefore, inadmissible.

The state offered no evidence at the hearing to explain the statement in its disclosure that the defendant had requested to meet with a lawyer before answering questions. Nor did the state offer any evidence of what, if anything, occurred in the interval between the defendant's arrest and his questioning by Captain Macedo. Macedo testified that he had no personal knowledge of what happened before he arrived at the police station, and the prosecutor informed the court that he had not prepared the disclosure and knew nothing of the circumstances surrounding the defendant's request to speak with an attorney. The prosecutor ventured the opinion that the defendant may have asked to speak with a lawyer after being questioned by Macedo. The court commented that the defendant had been advised of his rights before being questioned by Macedo and that his statements in response to that questioning were therefore admissible.

In Miranda, the United States Supreme Court ruled that an individual who has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom in any significant way 'must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires.' 384 U.S. 436, 479, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 1630, 16 L.Ed.2d 694. The defendant concedes that he was given the mandated warnings; his claim is that the police did not comply with his request to meet with a lawyer before answering their questions.

The Miranda decision also holds that '(o)ne warnings have been given, the subsequent procedure is clear. If the individual indicates in any manner, at any time prior to or during questioning, that he wishes to remain silent, the interrogation must case. . . . If the individual states that he wants an attorney, the interrogation must cease until an attorney is present, At that time, the individual must have an opportunity to confer with the attorney and to have him present during any subsequent questioning, If the individual cannot obtain an attorney and he indicates that he wants one before speaking to police, they must respect his decision to remain silent.' Id., pp. 473-74, 86 S.Ct. pp. 1627, 1628. The court held further that (i)f the interrogation continues without the presence of an attorney and a statement is taken, a heavy burden rests on the government to demonstrate that the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his privilege against self-incrimination and his right to retained or appointed counsel.' Id., p. 475, 86 S.Ct. p. 1628.

We are not persuaded that the state has met its burden of showing that the defendant 'knowingly and intelligently' waived his right to counsel. The evidence presented at the hearing on the motion to suppress merely shows that after several hours in police custody the defendant was willing to answer questioned posed by Captain Macedo. The record indicates that the defendant at some point desired to speak with an attorney but there is no evidence that this request was ever honored by the authorities. Nor was any evidence presented which tended to prove that it was the defendant who indicated a willingness to answer questions. The present case, therefore, differs in a crucial manner from the situation presented in State v. Cobbs, 164 Conn. 402, 324 A.2d 234, cert. denied, 414 U.S. 861, 94 S.Ct. 77, 38 L.Ed.2d 112. See Cobbs v. Robinson, 528 F.2d 1331, 1342 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 947, 96 S.Ct. 1419, 47 L.Ed.2d 354, affirming a denial of federal habeas corpus relief in the same case. In Cobbs, the defendant was given a Miranda warning and asked to see an attorney before answering any questions. After making this request, he was not asked any questions and was permitted to use the telephone. He called his grandmother who came to the police station to speak with him. Only after speaking with his grandmother did he made a statement to the police. We ruled that the statement was admissible, even though the defendant had not in fact spoken with an attorney, holding that 'an accused who requests counsel may thereafter voluntarily waive his right to counsel provided he has had in the interim a full opportunity to obtain counsel or to have an attorney appointed for him. The police may conduct an interrogation when such a knowing, intelligent and voluntary election to proceed without an attorney has been manifested by the defendant.' (Emphasis added.) State v. Cobbs, supra, 164 Conn. 420, 324 A.2d 245. In Cobbs, the state presented ample evidence to support the trial court's conclusion that the defendant had effectively waived his right to counsel after a lengthy conversation with a relative. In the present case, however, although the state admitted that the...