State v. Mundo-Parra, No. 118,875

• Decision Date: 27 March 2020
• Docket Number: No. 118,875
• Citation: 462 P.3d 1211,58 Kan.App.2d 17
• Parties: STATE of Kansas, Appellee, v. Jose J. MUNDO-PARRA, Appellant.
• Court: Kansas Court of Appeals

58 Kan.App.2d 17

462 P.3d 1211

STATE of Kansas, Appellee,

v.Jose J. MUNDO-PARRA, Appellant.

No. 118,875

Court of Appeals of Kansas.

Opinion filed March 27, 2020.

Kristen B. Patty, of Wichita, for appellant.

Julie A. Koon, assistant district attorney, Marc Bennett, district attorney, and Derek Schmidt, attorney general, for appellee.

Before Bruns, P.J., Leben, J., and Burgess, S.J.

Leben, J.:

Jose Mundo-Parra pleaded no contest in 2005 to the kidnapping and rape of a Wichita woman. In 2017, still serving his prison sentence, he asked that prosecutors be required to provide him the State's investigatory files in the case, including anything that might show his innocence. The district court denied that request.

Kansas doesn't have a statute or court rule authorizing what lawyers call discovery—requests for information from other parties—after a criminal conviction. But Kansas courts have recognized that discovery may be required when the defendant's substantial rights are at stake.

Here, though, Mundo-Parra confessed to his crimes, the victim identified him, and Mundo-Parra said at his sentencing that he was "sorry for what I did" and that he "accept[ed] responsibility" for his crimes. He has not shown that any of his substantial rights require discovery, and we affirm the district court's judgment.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

At about six in the morning one day in August 2004, a woman called Wichita police from the parking lot of a fast-food establishment. She told them that she had been abducted earlier that morning when she was trying to place a phone call at a pay phone outside another business in the area. She described the suspect, gave police the license-plate number from the car he had been driving, and even told them where the man had said he lived—he had told her where in the area he lived when he first tried to get her to come into his car voluntarily.

When she didn't get into the car, the man had followed her as she ran to another business, grabbed her, and hit her several times in the face. He threw her to the pavement. And when she briefly got away, he hit her again several times in the face and forced her into his car. He then took her away before forcing her to give him oral sex and repeatedly raping her. The man threatened to kill her several times during the two hours that he held her. He eventually let her out of the car, and she called police.

Given her description of his car and license plate—as well as a general understanding of where he lived—police quickly located Mundo-Parra. They had him come outside his apartment building, and the victim confirmed he was the man who had kidnapped and raped her. A police detective then interviewed Mundo-Parra (after giving him Miranda warnings). Mundo-Parra admitted that he had seen the victim walking down the street, decided he wanted to have sex with her, forced her into his car, held her against her will for about two hours, hit her, threatened to kill her, forced her to perform oral sex on him, and raped her.

In 2005, Mundo-Parra pleaded no contest to one count of aggravated kidnapping, one count of rape, and one count of criminal threat. At his plea hearing, a prosecutor summarized the facts we have just reviewed. Neither Mundo-Parra nor his attorney disagreed with any of those facts, and Mundo-Parra told the court that he understood that by pleading no contest he would "have no capacity to take an exception or to contest the summary of facts just now provided."

At sentencing, Mundo-Parra asked for a shorter sentence than provided by our state's sentencing guidelines. In a written motion supporting that request, his attorney said that Mundo-Parra had "accepted responsibility for and is showing remorse for[ ] his actions in this matter." The motion said that Mundo-Parra had "committed these offenses while under the influence of narcotics." Mundo-Parra personally told the court: "I just say I am sorry for what I did, I accept responsibility, and I would just ask for the least sentence possible."

The court found that Mundo-Parra had committed "a vicious, violent attack" on the woman and gave him the highest guideline sentence on both the rape and aggravated-kidnapping convictions, 165 months for each, to be served consecutively. The court also sentenced Mundo-Parra to 7 months for criminal threat but made that sentence concurrent with the others, so his controlling sentence is 330 months in prison.

Mundo-Parra did not appeal his sentence. Nor has he moved to withdraw his no-contest pleas. But in 2017, he filed a written request asking that the State be ordered to give him all of the witness statements police had gathered, the results of all examinations or tests, any evidence that might impeach the credibility of any of the witnesses against him, and any materials that might tend to show his innocence.

The district court denied Mundo-Parra's request, and he appealed to our court.

JURISDICTION

The State suggests that we lack jurisdiction over the appeal because Mundo-Parra didn't file his notice of appeal within 30 days of the district court's denial of his request. See K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 60-2103(a). But the time for filing an appeal does not begin to run if the court fails to give notice of the ruling to a party and the party isn't aware of it. See McDonald v. Hannigan , 262 Kan. 156, 163-64, 936 P.2d 262 (1997). Here, the district court entered its order electronically, and there's no record in the district court's file that the court clerk mailed a copy of the order to Mundo-Parra. He made several requests asking the court to rule after the court actually had first done so, and he filed the notice of appeal well within 30 days of the district court's denial of his last request for a ruling (which noted that his original request had been made more than 150 days earlier). We find no jurisdictional hurdle to considering this appeal in the State's argument.

We should perhaps note one potential jurisdictional argument that the State did not make since we have a duty to question our own jurisdiction. State v. Tims , 302 Kan. 536, 540, 355 P.3d 660 (2015). For us to have proper jurisdiction, the district court must also have had jurisdiction to consider Mundo-Parra's discovery request. See Ryser v. Kansas Bd. of Healing Arts , 295 Kan. 452, 456, 284 P.3d 337 (2012). He filed the request in his criminal case, but there was no pending motion before the court (such as a motion for a new trial). Nor did Mundo-Parra file a separate civil action challenging his confinement for which discovery might be needed. With no pending motion in the criminal case and no pending civil action challenging his confinement, one might question whether there's any statutory authority to allow discovery. But Kansas district courts "have general original jurisdiction of all matters, both civil and criminal, unless otherwise provided by law." K.S.A. 20-301. Because there's no statute governing postconviction discovery, there's no statutory limit on the district court's general jurisdiction over it. See City of Overland Park v. Niewald , 258 Kan. 679, 681-82, 907 P.2d 885 (1995) ; In re A.A. , 51 Kan. App. 2d 794, 803-04, 354 P.3d 1205 (2015). Consistent with that rule, the Kansas Supreme Court did not question its jurisdiction to determine whether a district court had properly denied discovery in a similar postconviction criminal-case setting. See State v. Robinson , 309 Kan. 159, 432 P.3d 75 (2019). We conclude that the district court had jurisdiction to consider Mundo-Parra's request.

ANALYSIS

While the factual and procedural history we've set out is straightforward, the law that applies to Mundo-Parra's request is a bit murky. There are provisions in criminal cases that provide for limited discovery by the defendant. See K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 22-3212 ; K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 22-3213. But we understand those provisions to apply only before trial (or, as here, conviction through a plea). Mundo-Parra brought his discovery request 12 years after his conviction. No provision in the Kansas Code of Criminal Procedure covers postconviction discovery.

A statute or court rule could provide guidance; such a statute or rule could provide for discovery in situations in which it's merely good policy to provide for it although not legally required. See K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 21-2512 (providing when postconviction DNA testing may be ordered). In addition, a statute or rule could address a prosecutor's duty, if any, to provide exculpatory information to the defendant after conviction. Compare American Bar Association Model Rule 3.8(g) (providing that prosecutors must disclose "new, credible and material evidence creating a reasonable likelihood that a convicted defendant did not commit an offense of which the defendant was convicted") with KRPC 3.8 (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 359) (lacking any specific provision about a prosecutor's postconviction disclosure duties). With no statute or rule, however, we begin our analysis with a review of past Kansas cases about postconviction discovery.

Most of the time, postconviction challenges to a person's conviction or sentence are made in a habeas corpus action. That's a civil case in which the defendant can seek release from confinement. See K.S.A. 2019 Supp. 60-1507. And while the Kansas Rules of Civil Procedure usually apply to civil cases, Kansas Supreme Court Rule 183(a)(2) (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 229) provides that they apply in postconviction habeas cases only "to the extent the rules are applicable." Our court has held that civil discovery rules don't generally apply in postconviction habeas cases. LaPointe v. State , 42 Kan. App. 2d 522, 551, 214 P.3d 684 (2009) ; see also White v. Shipman , 54 Kan. App. 2d 84, 89-93, 396 P.3d 1250 (2017). Consistent with that view, the Kansas Supreme Court said (in a case in which the appellant conceded the point) that one specific statute, the civil-procedure rule for document production, doesn't apply to a motion seeking postconviction...