State v. Ogden, O-79-603

• Decision Date: 13 May 1981
• Docket Number: No. O-79-603,O-79-603
• Citation: 628 P.2d 1167
• Parties: The STATE of Oklahoma, Appellant, v. Shirley OGDEN, Appellee.
• Court: United States State Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma. Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma

Page 1167

628 P.2d 1167

The STATE of Oklahoma, Appellant, v. Shirley OGDEN, Appellee.

No. O-79-603.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma.

May 13, 1981.

An appeal from the District Court, Tulsa County; Clifford E. Hopper, judge.

The State of Oklahoma, appellant, has appealed a reserved question of law on the offense of Unlawful Sale of Alcoholic Beverage from the District Court of Tulsa County, Case No. CRM-79-1269. DISMISSED.

S. M. Fallis, Dist. Atty., Susan K. Morgan, Asst. Dist. Atty., for appellant .

Frank Keating, Tulsa, for appellee.

OPINION

BUSSEY, Judge:

Appellee, Shirley Ogden, was charged by information in Tulsa County District Court Case No. CRM-79-1269 with the misdemeanor offense of Unlawful Sale of Alcoholic Beverage, in violation of 37 O.S.1971, § 505. The judge sustained a demurrer to the information, ruling that § 505 does not apply to the sale of liquor by the drink by an employee of the drinking establishment in which the sale occurs. The State appeals purportedly upon a reserved question of law.

This issue has been resolved in the State's favor by the decision of this Court in Hisaw v. State, 603 P.2d 1167 (Okl.Cr.1979), a decision handed down after the ruling at issue here. The sale of liquor by the drink is a sale of alcoholic beverage in a form not authorized anywhere in the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, 37 O.S.1971, §§ 501 et seq. Hence, such a sale clearly violates the prohibition set out in 37 O.S.1971, § 505. The employee making such a sale in the course of his or her employment in a drinking establishment is at least aiding and abetting an unlawful sale by the employer, and is liable as a principal under 21 O.S.1971, § 172. The proscriptions in § 505 and the open saloon law, 37 O.S.1971, § 538(h) and Okl.Const. Art. 27, § 4, will overlap in some cases. We are of the view that in those cases, the choice of which statutory provision to charge under is a matter for the prosecutor's discretion. It would appear that the question thus posited should be decided in favor of the State.

However, we are of the opinion that the State is not properly before the court in this matter. The 22 O.S.1971, § 1053 procedure for appealing on a reserved question of law applies only to review following a judgment of acquittal for the defendant or an order of the court authorized by law as an express bar to further prosecution. See State v. Robinson, 544 P.2d 545 (Okl.Cr.1975) and State v. Lemmon, 574 P.2d 1057 (Okl.Cr.1978). A demurrer to the information or indictment which is sustained by the court is a bar to further prosecution under 22 O.S.1971, § 508. However, § 508 has repeatedly been held by this Court to apply only to felony charges, not misdemeanors. Though this limitation was first expressed as a result of the old county court's lack of authority over grand juries, see Ex Parte Dodson, 3 Okl.Cr. 514, 107 P. 450 (1910), Green v. State, 33 Okl.Cr. 268, 243 P. 533 (1926) and Ray v. Stevenson, 71 Okl.Cr. 339, 111 P.2d 824 (1941), the same construction was suggested in State v. Stout, 90 Okl.Cr. 35, 210 P.2d 199 (1949), in the context of a demurrer to a misdemeanor information, thus clearly suggesting that such was the legislative intent in enacting § 508 and its predecessors. The Legislature has not amended § 508 or otherwise indicated that the court misread its intention, and has, in fact, long acquiesced in this judicial construction. Subsequent court reorganization, combining the powers of the various former courts, such as the county court, in the district court, does not compel a different conclusion, since the judicial construction was not grounded so much in the split in jurisdiction among the former courts as in the legislative...