State v. Padgett, 3608.

• Decision Date: 10 March 2003
• Docket Number: No. 3608.,3608.
• Citation: 580 S.E.2d 159,354 S.C. 268
• Parties: The STATE, Respondent, v. Oscar Roy PADGETT, Appellant.
• Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals

354 S.C. 268

580 S.E.2d 159

The STATE, Respondent, v. Oscar Roy PADGETT, Appellant.

No. 3608.

Court of Appeals of South Carolina.

Heard February 11, 2003.

Decided March 10, 2003.

Rehearing Denied April 22, 2003.

Senior Assistant Appellate Defender Wanda H. Haile, of Columbia, for Appellant.

Attorney General Henry Dargan McMaster, Chief Deputy Attorney General John W. McIntosh, Assistant Deputy Attorney General Charles H. Richardson and Senior Assistant Attorney General Harold M. Coombs, Jr., all of Columbia; and Solicitor Donald V. Myers, of Lexington, for Respondent.

ANDERSON, J.:

Oscar Roy Padgett was convicted of failure to stop for a blue light. The trial court sentenced him to a three-year term of imprisonment. We affirm.

FACTS/PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On October 31, 2000 at approximately 8:30 p.m., Officer Gerard Grenier of the Ridge Spring Police Department observed a black Mustang parked at the gasoline pumps at Kent's Corner Gas Station on the corner of Highway 23 and Pecan Grove Road in Ridge Spring. Officer Grenier recognized the vehicle as the same one he had stopped two months earlier for a license tag violation. Padgett was driving the vehicle at the time of the prior stop and had explained to Officer Grenier that he had purchased it only a few days earlier.

Officer Grenier testified that, on the night in question, he saw Padgett get into the vehicle and decided to follow Padgett to ascertain whether he had obtained proper tags for the car. As he "squared off" behind the Mustang on Highway 23, Officer Grenier noticed that no license tags were affixed to the vehicle and, therefore, activated his patrol car's blue lights. He stated the driver of the vehicle did not stop in response to the blue lights, but rather drove slowly for a time, turned onto Trojan Road, accelerated the vehicle, and crossed over Highway 1 into Aiken. According to Officer Grenier, he pursued Padgett with his siren and blue lights on for about threefourths of a mile outside of Ridge Spring, then terminated the pursuit. He returned to Kent's Corner and questioned the store manager regarding the identity of the person driving the black Mustang. The manager informed Officer Grenier that the driver was Oscar Padgett. Thereafter, Officer Grenier obtained a warrant for Padgett's arrest.

Officer Leroy Smith, who was on patrol with Grenier the night of the pursuit, verified Officer Grenier's account of the events. In particular, Officer Smith confirmed that Officer Grenier turned on the patrol car's blue lights before Padgett turned onto Trojan Road and, thus, before he left the Ridge Spring city limits.

At the close of the State's case, Padgett moved for a directed verdict of acquittal based generally on lack of sufficient evidence. The trial court denied the motion.

Padgett declared he was not in Ridge Spring on the night of October 31, 2000. He further asserted the transmission on his black Mustang was malfunctioning at the time and had been parked in his back yard.

At the close of evidence, Padgett renewed his motion for a directed verdict. The trial court again denied the motion. The jury returned a guilty verdict.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

On appeal from the denial of a directed verdict, an appellate court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. State v. Walker, 349 S.C. 49, 562 S.E.2d 313 (2002); State v. Morgan, 352 S.C. 359, 574 S.E.2d 203 (Ct.App.2002). When ruling on a motion for a directed verdict, the trial court is concerned with the existence or nonexistence of evidence, not its weight. State v. Gaster, 349 S.C. 545, 564 S.E.2d 87 (2002); State v. McLauren, 349 S.C. 488, 563 S.E.2d 346 (Ct.App.2002). A defendant is entitled to a directed verdict when the State fails to produce evidence of the offense charged. State v. McKnight, 352 S.C. 635, 642, 576 S.E.2d 168 (2003); State v. McHoney, 344 S.C. 85, 544 S.E.2d 30 (2001). However, if there is any direct evidence or any substantial circumstantial evidence reasonably tending to prove the guilt of the accused, this Court must find the case was properly submitted to the jury. State v. Harris, 351 S.C. 643, 572 S.E.2d 267 (2002); State v. Condrey, 349 S.C. 184, 562 S.E.2d 320 (Ct.App.2002).

LAW/ANALYSIS

I. Jurisdiction of Law Enforcement Officer

Padgett asserts the trial court erred in failing to direct a verdict of acquittal on the charge of failure to stop for a blue light due to the lack of jurisdiction on the part of the pursuing officer. Padgett claims the officer did not turn on his blue lights until he was "outside the corporate limits according to the city map."

The polestar of the factual inquiry in this case is a determination of when the law enforcement activity began and whether it originated in the town limits.

South Carolina Code Ann. § 17-13-40 (Supp.2001) provides, in relevant part:

Law enforcement officer jurisdiction when in pursuit of offender; authority, rights, privileges, and immunities extended.

(A) When the police authorities of a town or city are in pursuit of an offender for a violation of a municipal ordinance or statute of this State committed within the corporate limits, the authorities may arrest the offender, with or without a warrant, at a place within the corporate limits, at a place within the county in which the town or city is located, or at a place within a radius of three miles of the corporate limits.

Padgett correctly notes that section 17-13-40(A), by its terms, operates to limit the jurisdictional authority of town and city police officers to effectuate arrests. However, the mere fact that there existed some question as to whether the officers in the instant case were operating outside of their jurisdictional limitations does not automatically give rise to the propriety of a directed verdict on the issue. To the contrary, the facts and circumstances attendant to this case present quintessential factual issues regarding the exercise of the statutory grant of jurisdiction.

The officers' testimony that they initiated the attempted traffic stop inside the Ridge Spring city limits, standing alone, constituted sufficient evidence to defeat Padgett's motion for a directed verdict on the ground the officers lacked jurisdiction to make the stop. Cf. State v. McAteer, 340 S.C. 644, 646, 532 S.E.2d 865, 866 (2000)

(concluding that "[s]ince the officer was outside the municipality's city limits when he first observed petitioner, he had no police authority to detain him."). In ruling on the motion for a directed verdict, the trial judge properly limited his inquiry to the existence or nonexistence of evidence tending to establish the officers operated within the confines of section 17-13-40(A), not the weight of that evidence. See State v. Morgan, 282 S.C. 409, 319 S.E.2d 335 (1984). The trial court did not err in denying Padgett's motion for a directed verdict.

II. Reasonable Suspicion to Warrant Traffic Pursuit

Padgett contends the trial court erred in failing to grant his motion for a directed verdict on the charge of failure to stop for a blue light due to the lack of reasonable suspicion to warrant the traffic pursuit. We disagree.

The dissenting opinion in State v. Jihad, 342 S.C. 138, 536 S.E.2d 79 (Ct.App.2000) (Anderson, J., dissenting), majority opinion rev'd on other grounds, 347 S.C. 12, 553 S.E.2d 249 (2001), articulated:

A police officer may conduct a constitutionally valid traffic stop when the officer has a reasonable suspicion that either the vehicle or an occupant is subject to seizure for violation of the law. See Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648, 99 S.Ct. 1391, 59 L.Ed.2d 660 (1979). As long as an officer reasonably suspects the driver is violating "any one of

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