State v. Reed

• Decision Date: 13 April 1999
• Docket Number: No. 2 CA-CR 98-0106.,2 CA-CR 98-0106.
• Citation: 992 P.2d 1132,196 Ariz. 37
• Parties: The STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Russell Norman REED, Appellant.
• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals

992 P.2d 1132

196 Ariz. 37

The STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Russell Norman REED, Appellant.

No. -0106.

Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 2, Department A.

April 13, 1999.

Janet Napolitano, Arizona Attorney General By Paul J. McMurdie and Diane M. Acosta, Tucson, Attorneys for Appellee.

Susan A. Kettlewell, Pima County Public Defender By Kristine Maish, Tucson, Attorneys for Appellant.

OPINION

FLÓREZ, Judge.

¶ 1 Following a two-day jury trial, appellant Russell Norman Reed was convicted of one count of fraudulent scheme and artifice and one count of theft by control or misrepresentation. The trial court sentenced him to 15.75 years' imprisonment. On appeal, he raises two issues, neither of which merits reversal.

ABSENCE FROM TRIAL

¶ 2 Appellant was present on the first day of his trial. The state had rested its case that afternoon. Appellant did not appear on the second day of trial. His counsel waived his presence for the settling of jury instructions at the beginning of that day and made no objection to the resumption of the jury trial itself about 11:00 a.m. After the jury found him guilty of both charges, appellant filed a motion for new trial based on his absence, claiming it was involuntary. At the evidentiary hearing on the motion, defense counsel told the trial court that appellant had attempted suicide by cutting his wrists around 10:00 a.m. on the second day of trial and that appellant had been admitted to a hospital "on an emergency basis in a comatose state" at 11:47 a.m. The court denied the motion, finding appellant's absence was voluntary. We review the trial court's determination of a defendant's voluntary or involuntary absence for an abuse of discretion. State v. Muniz-Caudillo, 185 Ariz. 261, 914 P.2d 1353 (App.1996).

¶ 3 The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution as applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, and article II, § 24, of the Arizona Constitution, establish and protect a defendant's right to be present at his trial. However, "[a] defendant may voluntarily relinquish the right to attend trial." State v. Garcia-Contreras, 191 Ariz. 144, ¶ 9, 953 P.2d 536, ¶ 9 (1998). Rule 9.1, Ariz. R.Crim. P., 16A A.R.S., provides that "[t]he court may infer that an absence is voluntary if the defendant had personal notice of the time of the proceeding, the right to be present at it, and a warning that the proceeding would go forward in his or her absence should he or she fail to appear." The defendant has the burden of establishing that his absence was involuntary. State v. Suniga, 145 Ariz. 389, 701 P.2d 1197 (App.1985).

¶ 4 Appellant does not argue that he did not have notice of the trial date or his right to be present at trial, or that he did not know the trial would go forward if he failed to appear. When appellant was absent on the second day of trial, defense counsel did not provide the court with any information about appellant's absence and did not object to the resumption of the trial. Thus, the trial court was entitled to initially rely on the inference that Rule 9.1 permits and to proceed with the second day of trial. See State v. Sainz, 186 Ariz. 470, 924 P.2d 474 (App.1996) (no error in proceeding with trial when trial court unaware defendant had been arrested and was in custody). However, if the defendant provides subsequent information to overcome the inference that his absence was voluntary, the trial court must consider that information. Sainz. Here, the trial court clearly did consider the information at the hearing on appellant's motion for new trial. See Brewer v. Raines, 670 F.2d 117 (9th Cir.1982). Two expert witnesses testified at that hearing regarding appellant's mental condition. Dr. Geffen, a psychologist, testified that appellant was not competent to waive his right to be present on the second day of his trial. In contrast, Dr. LaWall, a psychiatrist, testified that appellant made a rational decision to "abort his trial by killing himself." The trial court adopted Dr. LaWall's evaluation of appellant's mental state concerning the suicide attempt and denied the motion for new trial. The question we must address is whether a defendant's suicide attempt and consequent hospitalization necessarily constitute an involuntary absence from trial.

¶ 5 This is a case of first impression in this state. Other jurisdictions have found that a suicide attempt and consequent hospitalization may constitute a voluntary waiver of a defendant's right to be present at his or her trial. In United States v. Davis, 61 F.3d 291 (5th Cir.1995), for example, the defendant attended the first week of trial, but then ingested fifty antidepressant pills in a suicide attempt. The district court found the defendant's resulting absence a voluntary waiver of her right to be present at trial, and the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed, stating, "[a] defendant cannot disrupt a trial" because the defendant does "not wish to face trial and the prospect of a conviction." Id. at 303.

¶ 6 The defendant in Bottom v. State, 860 S.W.2d 266 (Tex.App.1993), was present at trial until the state rested. He then attempted suicide and was hospitalized. After a hearing, the court determined that the defendant was competent to stand trial and found that he had voluntarily waived his right to appear "because he chose to ingest large quantities of aspirin and arthritis medication. Because [he] chose to act in this way, his absence was voluntary." Id. at 267. Attempted suicide is not "some sudden unexpected medical emergency." Id.

¶ 7 To the extent that these cases stand for the proposition that all absences resulting from attempted suicide are a voluntary waiver of the defendant's right to attend trial, we cannot agree. We believe instead that, depending on the circumstances, absence occasioned by attempted suicide may be a voluntary waiver of the right to be present at trial. Here, Dr. LaWall testified that appellant, though depressed, was not psychotic; he was able to understand the proceedings against him, and he understood what he was doing when he decided "to abort his trial by killing himself." Because ...