State v. Simms

• Decision Date: 25 April 1989
• Docket Number: No. 13429,13429
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Floyd SIMMS.
• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court

Page 914

557 A.2d 914

211 Conn. 1

STATE of Connecticut v. Floyd SIMMS.

No. 13429.

Supreme Court of Connecticut.

Argued Dec. 14, 1988.

Decided April 25, 1989.

Suzanne Zitser, Asst. Public Defender, with whom, on the brief, was Joette Katz, Public Defender, for appellant (defendant).

Leah Hawley, Deputy Asst. State's Atty., with whom, on the brief, was Herbert Appleton, Asst. State's Atty., for appellee (State).

Before PETERS, C.J., and ARTHUR H. HEALEY, CALLAHAN, COVELLO and SANTANIELLO, JJ.

SANTANIELLO, Associate Justice.

The defendant was found guilty of the crimes of accessory to assault of a person sixty or older in the first degree in violation of General Statutes §§ 53a-59(a)(3), 53a-59a and 53a-8, and robbery in the second degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-135(a)(1). On appeal to the Appellate Court, he claimed that the trial court erred in admitting the transcript of the Alford plea canvass of Daniel Jones, an alleged co-participant in the original crime, as a prior statement inconsistent with Jones's trial testimony. The Appellate Court concluded that the trial court had properly determined that the statements and the posture assumed by the witness during his Alford plea were inconsistent with his trial testimony and that the court's admission of the Alford plea transcript for the jury's consideration as to the issue of the witness's credibility fully conformed with applicable law.

This court granted the defendant's petition for certification on May 5, 1988, limited to the sole issue: "Did the Appellate Court correctly conclude that the transcript of Daniel Jones' Alford plea was admissible as a prior statement inconsistent with the trial testimony in this case?"

The facts that the jury could reasonably have found are set forth in State v. Simms, 14 Conn.App. 1, 539 A.2d 601 (1988). We summarize those facts pertinent to the issue on this appeal: While kneeling and praying inside Saint Joseph's Cathedral in Hartford, William McGee, ninety years of age, was assaulted and robbed by the defendant. During the time McGee was engaged in prayer, the defendant, along with two companions, Daniel Jones and Wayne Mohagle, entered the church. While his companions lingered at the entrance, the defendant approached the victim, grabbed him around the neck, shoved him under a pew and attempted to kick him. The defendant then extracted eleven or twelve dollars from the victim's pockets. As McGee attempted to leave the church, either Jones or Mohagle hit him on the head, thereby causing his most serious injuries. As a result of this attack, McGee was hospitalized for approximately one month.

During the defendant's trial, Jones testified that it was he who had assaulted and robbed McGee and that neither the defendant nor Mohagle had participated in the crime. Jones had previously pleaded guilty, under the Alford doctrine, to charges stemming from the incident at the church. For purposes of impeachment, the trial court permitted the state to introduce a partial transcript of Jones's Alford plea canvass into evidence. The state contended, and the court agreed, that Jones's statements made during his Alford plea, in which he denied culpability, were inconsistent with his trial testimony in which he assumed the sole onus for the crime and exonerated the two other participants.

As a preliminary matter, we recognize that a defendant in a criminal case may voluntarily, knowingly and understandingly consent to the imposition of a prison sentence even if he is unwilling or unable to admit his participation in the act constituting the crime. North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37, 91 S.Ct. 160, 167, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970); State v. Watson, 198 Conn. 598, 601 n. 3, 504 A.2d 497 (1986); Blue v. Robinson, 173 Conn. 360, 378, 377 A.2d 1108 (1977). A defendant who pleads guilty under the Alford doctrine does not admit guilt but acknowledges that the state's evidence against him is so strong that he is prepared to accept the entry of a guilty plea. State v. James, 197 Conn. 358, 359 n. 1, 497 A.2d 402 (1985); State v. Palmer, 196 Conn. 157, 169 n. 3, 491 A.2d 1075 (1985).

The defendant argues that Jones's plea on May 6, 1983, to the charge of robbery in the first degree involving William McGee, unlike his guilty pleas to two unrelated charges, was a "pure Alford plea," a plea that offered no statements beyond the plea itself. The defendant does not deny that any factual admissions or denials made by an individual during an Alford plea proceeding may be used in a subsequent proceeding to attack the credibility of that individual whose subsequent testimony is inconsistent with those admissions or denials. The defendant argues, however, that Jones's plea to robbery in the first degree contained no statements that could be construed as inconsistent with his testimony at the defendant's trial that he alone committed the crime. The defendant claims that the Appellate Court decision is an erroneous application of the Alford doctrine, for it transforms the Alford plea itself into a statement by Jones that is equivalent to a denial or protestation of innocence. The defendant further claims that the Appellate Court failed to review the full transcript of Jones's plea proceeding, a failure that resulted in the erroneous conclusion that the plea transcript contained a statement by Jones that was inconsistent with his testimony at the defendant's trial. We disagree.

The record and transcripts indicate that at the time of the defendant's trial, Jones testified that he alone committed the robbery and that his recollection at the time of trial differed from what it had been at the time of his Alford plea. At the time of his Alford plea, Jones was canvassed as to his understanding of the elements of the crime of robbery in the first degree, the maximum and minimum penalties for that crime, and the evidence that the state would use against him. Jones acknowledged...