State v. Simpson, No. 75000
| Decision Date | 26 January 1993 |
| Docket Number | No. 75000 |
| Parties | STATE of Missouri, Respondent, v. Max C. SIMPSON, Appellant. Max C. SIMPSON, Respondent, v. STATE of Missouri, Appellant. |
| Court | Missouri Supreme Court |
Brad B. Baker, Columbia, for appellant.
William L. Webster, Atty. Gen., Breck K. Burgess, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, for respondent.
A jury found the appellant, Max Simpson, guilty of forcible rape and second degree assault and the trial court sentenced appellant to concurrent terms of thirty and seven years respectively. Appellant sought Rule 29.15 relief, which the motion court denied after an evidentiary hearing. The Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, affirmed the direct appeal and dismissed the appeal of the Rule 29.15 judgment. This Court granted transfer to consider whether an information amended so as to violate Rule 23.08 and § 545.300, RSMo 1986, nullifies the proceedings upon the amended information. Direct appeal affirmed. Rule 29.15 appeal dismissed.
Appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence. The victim was at a bar when appellant entered. The victim had become acquainted with appellant when they both attended high school, and they engaged in brief conversation. During the conversation, appellant asked victim about stains the victim had on her hands. The victim explained that she had been staining a cabinet in an apartment she owned and wanted to lease. Appellant expressed an interest in renting the apartment. Appellant and the victim left the bar in the victim's car. The victim planned to show the apartment to appellant, then take appellant to his aunt and uncle's home, where he resided.
Appellant and victim went to the victim's house so that the victim could plug in an extension cord, which supplied electricity to the apartment. While there, appellant began kissing the victim who told him "no" and said she should take him to his aunt and uncle's home. Appellant wrapped the electrical cord of a vaporizer around the victim's neck and tightened it so that the victim could not breathe. The victim lost, then regained, consciousness. Appellant dragged the victim into her bedroom where he forcibly removed her clothes. During the following two hours, appellant engaged in sexual intercourse with the victim three times. He threatened to kill her, and he repeatedly slapped her and struck her with his fists.
Later able to escape, the victim ran to her neighbors' residence and called the sheriff's department. Appellant was arrested soon afterward. The victim was examined by an emergency room physician at a local hospital. The physician discovered numerous areas of redness, bruises and abrasions on the victim's body, scratch marks on one breast and the lower back, swelling over the lower back, and red marks around the neck.
The prosecutor originally filed a three-count information against appellant. Count I alleged that he committed the crime of felonious restraint, § 565.120, RSMo 1986, a class C felony. Count II charged him with a class C felony of second degree assault, § 565.060, alleging he "recklessly caused serious physical injury to [the victim] by hitting her about the face and attempting to choke her with an electrical cord." Count III alleged "Defendant, in violation of § 566.030, RSMo, committed the class B felony of rape ... in that ... the defendant had sexual intercourse with [the victim], to whom defendant was not married, without the consent of [the victim], by the use of forcible compulsion."
Six days prior to trial, the prosecutor filed a two-count amended information. Count I of the amended information charged appellant with a class B felony of first degree assault (§ 565.050) "in that ... the defendant attempted to cause serious physical injury to [the victim] by choking her." Count II charged that he "committed the class A felony of forcible rape ... in that ... the defendant had sexual intercourse with [the victim], to whom defendant was not married, without the consent of [the victim] by the use of forcible compulsion, and in the course of such offense, the defendant displayed a dangerous instrument in a threatening manner." The amended information did not charge the defendant with felonious restraint.
The court instructed on first degree assault and the lesser included offense of second degree assault and class A felony forcible rape and the lesser included offense of forcible rape. The jury found the defendant guilty of second degree assault and forcible rape.
Appellant contends in his point relied on in the direct appeal that the trial court erred in allowing the state to file the amended information because "the amended information charged two different offenses than those charged in the original information and such amendment was prejudicial to [the appellant]." In his argument appellant further alleges that what he terms the "defect" in the amended information deprived the court of jurisdiction to proceed on the amended information.
Raised for the first time on appeal, appellant's claim is reviewed for plain error. Rule 30.20. Under plain error review, this Court will not reverse appellant's conviction unless the alleged error resulted in manifest injustice or a miscarriage of justice to the appellant. Id.
Appellant's claims rest on Rule 23.08 and § 545.300. Rule 23.08 provides in part: "Any information may be amended ... at any time before verdict or finding if no additional or different offense is charged, and if the defendant's substantial rights are not thereby prejudiced." Section 545.300 provides:
An information may be amended either as to form or substance at any time before the jury is sworn, but no such amendment shall be allowed as would operate to charge an offense different from that charged or attempted to be charged in the original information.... No amendment of the information ... shall cause a delay of the trial unless the defendant shall satisfy the court that such amendment ... has made it necessary that he have additional time in which to prepare his defense.
The state concedes that first degree assault and second degree assault are different offenses. The first question at issue, therefore, is whether the amended information charged a different rape offense for the purpose of application of Rule 23.08 and § 545.300. This Court concludes that it did.
Section 566.030.1-.2, RSMo 1986, (repealed), under which appellant was charged in both the original and amended information, provided in pertinent part:
1. A person commits the crime of forcible rape if he has sexual intercourse with another person to whom he is not married, without that person's consent by the use of forcible compulsion.
2. Forcible rape or an attempt to commit forcible rape as described in subsection 1 of this section is a felony for which the authorized term of imprisonment ... is life imprisonment or a term of years not less than five years, unless in the course thereof the actor ... displays a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument in a threatening manner ... in which cases forcible rape or an attempt to commit forcible rape is a class A felony.
The state contends that § 566.030.2 is merely an enhancement provision. The state's argument was addressed by the Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, in State v. Badakhsan, 721 S.W.2d 18 (Mo.App.1986). The indictment in Badakhsan charged the defendant with four counts of forcible rape. He was convicted of four counts of the class A felony of forcible rape aggravated by subjecting the victim to sexual intercourse with more than one person. Id. at 19. The state contended that the failure to allege the aggravating circumstance of multiple men related only to punishment. The court rejected the state's argument:
First, the crime of rape is not the same as aggravated rape. They are of a different class with different punishment and we determine sufficiency of charge on the basis of whether defendant was sufficiently notified of what crime is charged. Second, even if the state were correct that the additional element under § 566.030.2 ... goes only to punishment, it still must be alleged. Both matters of aggravation and matters that enhance sentence must be pleaded.
Id. at 20-21 (citations omitted). See also Weeks v. State, 785 S.W.2d 331, 332 (Mo.App.1990); Wescott v. State, 731 S.W.2d 326, 331 (Mo.App.1987); State v. Greathouse, 789 S.W.2d 50, 53 (Mo.App.1990); State v. Couch, 523 S.W.2d 612, 614-15 (Mo.App.1975). 1
In the present case, the amended information specifically charged appellant with the class A felony of forcible rape which requires evidence that in the course of the commission of the rape the defendant displayed a dangerous instrument in a threatening manner. § 566.030.2. For the purposes of application of Rule 23.08 and § 545.300, the amended information charges an offense different from that charged in the original information. The amended information violates Rule 23.08 and § 545.300.
Appellant contends that when an amended information violates Rule 23.08 and § 545.300, the amended information and the subsequent proceedings upon it are a nullity because the "defective information" deprives the trial court of jurisdiction. See e.g., State v. Gladies, 456 S.W.2d 23, 24-25 (Mo.1970). This Court has recently addressed and rejected a similar contention in State v. Parkhurst, 845 S.W.2d 31 (Mo. banc) (December, 1992). Id., at 35. The Parkhurst reasoning applies equally to amended informations. The trial court had authority to proceed on the amended information in the present case.
Since the trial court had jurisdiction to proceed upon the amended information,...
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