State v. Snider

• Decision Date: 20 December 1983
• Docket Number: No. 81-333C,81-333C
• Citation: 296 Or. 168,674 P.2d 585
• Parties: STATE of Oregon, Petitioner on review, v. Archie SNIDER, Respondent on review. ; CA A25034; SC 29613.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 585

674 P.2d 585

296 Or. 168

STATE of Oregon, Petitioner on review, v. Archie SNIDER, Respondent on review.

No. 81-333C; CA A25034; SC 29613.

Supreme Court of Oregon In Banc.

Argued and Submitted Nov. 3, 1983.

Decided Dec. 20, 1983.

Stephen F. Peifer, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for petitioner on review. With him on the petition and brief were Dave Frohnmayer, Atty. Gen., and William F. Gary, Sol. Gen., Salem.

David E. Groom, Deputy Public Defender, Salem, argued the cause for respondent on review. With him on the brief was Gary D. Babcock, Public Defender, Salem.

JONES, Justice.

Defendant was convicted of felony murder. His conviction was reversed by the Court of Appeals, 62 Or.App. 658, 661 P.2d 124. We allowed review in this case to decide whether the trial court erred in admitting in evidence a condition in a plea agreement that the state's witness would take and pass a polygraph examination.

In this case, defendant was convicted of conspiring with Kenneth Foster, Lincoln Jackson and Terry Walker of kidnapping and killing the victim, Andrew Norwest. Norwest was picked up by these people in a van. As they drove to a remote area, Lincoln Jackson hit the victim repeatedly with an ax handle. While still in the van, Foster shot the victim in the arm. The group debated and then decided to execute the victim rather than take him to a hospital. Lincoln Jackson marched the victim out of the van up a hill away from the road. After telling the victim he was going to die, Jackson shot Norwest in the head. The defendant, Archie Snider, then took a gun from the van, walked up the hill where the victim was lying, and fired four shots into his face. Whether the victim was already dead at the time these four shots were fired was disputed at trial.

Terry Walker entered into a plea agreement ¹ with the state which contained a condition that he "will take a polygraph examination as to the truthfulness of his statement to the police and as to his testimony at trial." If the polygraph results were to demonstrate that he had been truthful, Walker would be allowed to plead to the lesser included offense of manslaughter in the first degree. After testifying on direct examination, Walker was cross-examined about his plea agreement with the state by defense counsel as follows:

"Q. Now, you said that you got ahold of your lawyer and you made a deal?

"A. Yes.

" * * *

"Q. You're supposed to testify on each one of the trials; isn't that right?

"A. Right.

"Q. Okay. And then in return they were going to let you plead guilty to one count of manslaughter?

"A. Yes.

"Q. And they were not going to make any recommendation what the sentence should be?

"A. I'm not sure how they worked it out."

On redirect examination, the prosecutor introduced the four-page plea agreement. Defense counsel made appropriate legal objection to the admission of the document. The trial judge overruled the objection and the written plea agreement was admitted in evidence. We hold that the ruling was erroneous and prejudicial.

This case is similar to two cases decided by this court. In State v. Middleton, 295 Or. 485, 668 P.2d 371 (1983), we held it to be error for a trial court to allow the state to introduce evidence that a state's witness had entered into a plea agreement containing certain conditions. The conditions were that the witness would take and pass a polygraph concerning his knowledge about a crime. In Middleton, the state offered evidence that the witness had in fact passed the polygraph examination prior to trial. We said this was improper bolstering of the witness's credibility.

In State v. Green, 271 Or. 153, 531 P.2d 245 (1975), this court said evidence of the results of polygraph tests are not admissible. In addition, we said evidence of the fact that a person had taken a polygraph test was inadmissible.

As mentioned, in the case at bar, the plea agreement contained a condition that the witness "will take a polygraph examination as to the truthfulness of his statement to the police and as to his testimony at trial." The agreement differs from Middleton and Green in that the agreement speaks prospectively. It provided that if the defendant takes the polygraph as to the truthfulness of his testimony at trial and the polygraph results demonstrate he was truthful, the state would accept a plea to the lesser charge of manslaughter in the first degree. In this case, the jury heard evidence that the witness would in the future be subject to polygraph testing as opposed to having already taken the test.

Evidence of a plea agreement containing a provision that the state's witness must take and pass a polygraph examination to verify trial testimony constitutes improper bolstering of the witness's credibility. The vice of such evidence is that a jury might give special credence to the testimony of the state's witness because of the binding force of the plea bargain, implying a guarantee of the witness's veracity. The jury might well infer that the contract contained a mechanism, to wit, the polygraph examination, to keep the witness honest.

As stated by Judge Cooley in the recent opinion of United States v. Brown, 720 F.2d 1059, 1072 (9th Cir.1983), "the commitment-to-the-truth stood not alone, but in the guardian presence of detection by polygraph." With such a plea agreement condition in evidence, a prosecutor...