State v. Weible, 6143

• Decision Date: 03 October 1984
• Docket Number: No. 6143,6143
• Citation: 142 Ariz. 113,688 P.2d 1005
• Parties: STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Jon Henry WEIBLE, Appellant.
• Court: Arizona Supreme Court

Page 1005

688 P.2d 1005

142 Ariz. 113

STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Jon Henry WEIBLE, Appellant.

No. 6143.

Supreme Court of Arizona, In Banc.

Oct. 3, 1984.

Robert K. Corbin, Atty. Gen. by William J. Schafer III, and Jack Roberts, Asst. Attys. Gen., Phoenix, for appellee.

Ross P. Lee, Maricopa County Public Defender by Arthur G. Hazelton, Deputy Public Defender, Phoenix, for appellant.

HAYS, Justice.

Defendant Jon Henry Weible was convicted on October 18, 1983 of two counts of criminal trespass in the first degree, one count of aggravated assault and one count of armed robbery. The jury found that at the time these offenses were committed, the defendant was on parole from the state of Illinois. Defendant was also found to have previously committed the offenses of robbery and armed robbery.

The trial court sentenced Weible to two concurrent life sentences for the aggravated assault and armed robbery counts and two concurrent sentences of 4.5 years for the trespass counts. The court designated that the trespass sentences should run consecutive to the life sentences.

There are two issues on this direct appeal: 1) whether the trial court erred in giving a flight instruction that unfairly singled out evidence, and 2) whether the defendant's parole status was within the contemplation of A.R.S. § 13-604.01. This case is before us as a direct appeal pursuant to Ariz. Const. art. 6, § 5 and A.R.S. § 13-4031.

Hugo Nelson is 94 years old and in remarkably good health. It was Nelson's practice to go for leisurely walks after each meal. About 6:30 p.m. on the evening of May 29, 1983 Nelson went for his usual evening stroll. While walking through a neighborhood shopping center he was approached by a young man. The man confronted Nelson and said, "You're the one I want." He grabbed Nelson by the throat, stabbed him in the stomach with a buckknife and threw him to the sidewalk. The fall broke Nelson's jaw. The man took Nelson's wallet. Fortunately, Nelson survived.

From their car Chuck Osmond and Kathie May saw a man bend over Nelson. As they approached, the man ran. When they realized what had happened Kathie May called the police and Chuck Osmond went to help Nelson. They told the police that the assailant wore a red and white baseball cap, a baseball shirt and faded jeans. The defendant, Jon Henry Weible, had just finished playing baseball at a nearby field.

A few minutes after the incident and about a quarter of a mile away, Officer Keeley of the Scottsdale Police Department saw a man fitting the description of the assailant. When the man saw Officer Keeley's police car he ran into a nearby apartment complex. Keeley called to the man to stop. Keeley got out of his car and chased the man. At one point Keeley drew his service revolver. Keeley noted the man wore a red-and-white baseball cap, a white tee shirt, jeans and had a buckknife case on his belt. The man was carrying a brown bag and a carton of soda pop. The man ran into the apartment of Teresa Green. Keeley called for assistance. When more police arrived, they went to the apartment, the man was gone, but the bag and soda remained. Teresa Green, Weible's girlfriend, was present in the apartment. She testified that Weible played baseball that day. He returned home, placed a brown bag and an 8-pack of Pepsi on the floor, locked the front door, and left through the back door.

In a neighboring apartment, about this time, the Contrells were in their bedroom when their back door flew open and a man entered. The man said, "Pardon me for barging in but my girl--girl friend's after me with a gun." The man ran out the front door. The Contrells watched as the man ran over to the Snyders' apartment. They later identified the intruder as Jon Henry Weible.

The Snyders were eating dinner when Weible entered their apartment. Weible came in the front door, repeating what he had said to the Contrells, and headed for the back door. Carroll Snyder intercepted the defendant and escorted him back out the front door.

At this point Officer Yturralde saw Weible in the area of the Snyder apartment. Weible was wearing a white baseball shirt, Levi's and had a buckknife case on his right hip. The missing red-and-white baseball cap was later turned in by a neighbor. Yturralde watched Weible's movements. He lost sight of the defendant when the Contrells and Snyders approached him to explain what had happened.

Several minutes later, a young woman asked Officer Yturralde if he was looking for her brother. Yturralde asked her what her brother was wearing. She told him he was wearing a blue tank top and Levi's; Yturralde said he was looking for someone else.

A short time later, a different woman called to Yturralde saying, "Jon's in here." Yturralde and another officer went to this woman's apartment. Weible's family members were outside the apartment. Yturralde asked the woman to have her brother step outside. When Weible came out he was wearing a blue tank top and very baggy Levi's. The pants were so baggy that Weible had to hold them up with his hands. Weible was crying, yelling and hiding behind his sister. His sister told the police, "He's real afraid of the police; you have to understand this." During this time, Milan Norum, another resident of the apartment complex, approached and gave the officers a red-and-white baseball cap he found in the patio area of a neighboring apartment. Weible was arrested the next day.

Defendant first asserts that the flight instruction was in error because 1) the evidence adduced at trial did not support the giving of the instruction, and 2) the instruction was overbroad in that it unfairly singled out specific evidence. The instruction read as follows:

Running away or hiding after a crime has been committed does not in itself prove guilt. However you may consider any evidence of the defendant's running away, concealment, change of clothing or physical appearance, false exculpatory statements or concealment or destruction of evidence, together with all other evidence.

In this case there was abundant evidence to warrant a flight instruction. Flight or concealment after a crime is admissible because it bears on the issue of the defendant's consciousness of guilt. State v. Owen, 94 Ariz. 404, 385 P.2d 700 (1963), vacated on other grounds, 378 U.S. 574, 84 S.Ct. 1932, 12 L.Ed.2d 1041 (1964). An individual who runs from the scene of a crime is suspect. Running, if otherwise unexplained, tends to communicate the individual's sense of guilt and his wish to escape immediate pursuit. The amount of evidence required to justify the giving of this instruction is well established. A court should be able to reasonably infer from the evidence that the defendant left the scene in a manner which obviously invites suspicion or announces guilt.

The test is two-fold. First, the evidence is viewed to ascertain whether it supports a reasonable inference that the flight or attempted flight was open, such as the result of immediate pursuit. If this is not the case then the evidence must support the inference that the accused utilized the element of concealment or attempted concealment. (citations omitted) The absence of evidence supporting either of these findings would mean that the giving of an instruction on flight would be prejudicial error. (citations omitted).

State v. Smith, 113 Ariz. 298 at 300, 552 P.2d 1192 at 1194 (1976).

Witnesses testified that Weible ran from the scene of the crime. Somewhat later, when the police spotted him, he ducked into his girlfriend's apartment and quickly exited out the back. Testimony indicates that in his haste to escape, Weible entered two other couple's apartments and at some point apparently changed and discarded his clothes. Clearly it is this type of behavior that a flight or concealment instruction is designed to reach.

Defendant argues that even if the evidence justified giving a flight instruction, this instruction unfairly singled out specific damaging evidence. We disagree. Flight instructions point out to jurors that they may consider the defendant's behavior at or near the scene of the crime as bearing on guilt or innocence. Thus, such instructions necessarily refer in a very general manner to the defendant's post-crime behavior. In State v. Swinburne, 116 Ariz. 403, 414, 569 P.2d 833, 844 (1977), we upheld an instruction similar to that used in this case. We hold that the instruction was properly general in form and did not unfairly single out evidence.

The second contention that the defendant raises is that he was improperly sentenced under A.R.S. § 13-604.01(A) and (B). Defendant argues that this statute, by its definition, only applies to individuals that are on parole from Arizona and that since he was from Illinois the statute does not apply to him.

At the time the defendant committed the crimes for which he is charged, A.R.S. § 13-604.01 read as follows:

§ 13-604.01. Offenses committed while released from confinement

A. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a person convicted of any felony offense involving the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument or involving the intentional or knowing infliction of serious physical injury upon another if committed while the person is on probation, work furlough or any other release from confinement shall be sentenced to life imprisonment and is not eligible for suspension or commutation of sentence, probation, pardon, parole, work furlough or release from confinement on any other basis except as specifically authorized by § 31-233, subsection A or B until the person has served not less than twenty-five years. A sentence imposed pursuant to this subsection shall be consecutive to any other sentence from which the convicted person had been temporarily released.

B. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a person convicted of any felony offense not included in subsection A of this section if committed while...