State v. Wiley

• Decision Date: 07 September 1993
• Docket Number: No. 28313-8-I,28313-8-I
• Parties: STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Kenneth Lavone WILEY, Defendant, and Robert Hunt, Appellant. Division 1
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals

Page 244

71 Wn.App. 244

857 P.2d 1062

STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Kenneth Lavone WILEY, Defendant and Robert Hunt, Appellant.

No. 28313-8-I.

Court of Appeals of Washington,

Division 1.

Sept. 7, 1993.

Washington Appellate Defender, Mary Jane Ferguson, Seattle, for appellant.

Norm Maleng, King County Prosecutor, Michele Hauptman, Seattle, for respondent.

GROSSE, Judge.

Robert Hunt appeals the basis of the offender score used in sentencing him after his conviction for residential burglary. Only a recitation of the facts pertaining to sentencing is necessary.

Hunt was found guilty of participating in a daytime burglary of a houseboat. He received a determinate sentence of 74 months based on an offender score of 9 for the conviction. His offender score of 9 included the following three prior convictions: (1) a 1971 grand larceny conviction; (2) a 1972 attempted grand larceny conviction; and (3) a 1974 grand larceny conviction. Hunt pleaded guilty to each of these charges. In addition there were 3 other convictions in Hunt's criminal history. These included a 1982 second degree theft and two 1987 convictions for violation of the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, RCW 69.50 et seq. The transcript of the sentencing hearing shows the trial court found two parole revocations occurred during the period between the 1974 grand larceny conviction and the 1982 second degree theft, precluding a washout of any class C felony. ¹ On appeal, Hunt argues the convictions are more properly classified as gross misdemeanors and should not be included in his criminal history at all.

Hunt claims the court erroneously included the 3 pre-Sentencing Reform Act of 1981 (SRA) convictions of grand larceny, or attempted grand larceny, after the dollar values underlying the convictions were changed by the "new" theft crime classifications contained in RCW 9A.56.010 et seq. Thus, he argues the larceny convictions should not be included in his criminal history and offender score. Citing State v. Johnson, 51 Wash.App. 836, 839, 759 P.2d 459, review denied, 111 Wash.2d 1008 (1988) as authority, Hunt argues the present classification of a crime, rather than the punishment as it was at the time the crime was committed, should be used to determine the classification of pre-SRA crimes for offender score and sentencing purposes. ²

The State argues there is no crime equivalent to grand larceny within the current classification system and therefore the classification of grand larceny should be based on the punishment applicable when the crime was committed. Because punishment for a conviction for grand larceny was up to a maximum of 15 years, the State claims it should be classified as a class B felony. In addition, the State argues that attempted grand larceny is a class C felony.

Among other provisions, former RCW 9.54.090 (the grand larceny statute) provided that every person who unlawfully took property with a value of more than $75 was guilty of grand larceny. The Legislature repealed this statute in 1975 when it classified felonies. It replaced the larceny statutes with the current theft statutes, RCW 9A.56.010 et seq. Under the current theft statutes, a person cannot be convicted of a felony unless he or she obtains property or services with a value of more than $250.

Prior misdemeanor convictions do not count toward the calculation of an offender score. RCW 9.94A.360.

The Johnson court indicated:

In 1975, when it classified felonies, the Legislature is presumed to have determined that the new penalties contained therein were adequate, and with respect to those crimes for which the penalties were, in effect, reduced no purpose would be served by using the older or harsher penalties.

Johnson, 51 Wash.App. at 839, 759 P.2d 459 (citing State v. Heath, 85 Wash.2d 196, 198, 532 P.2d 621 (1975)).

The State disagrees and counters that this presumption cannot be made with respect to crimes similar to grand larceny which do not exist in the new classification scheme. The former two-tiered larceny scheme became a three-tiered theft scheme. This change was made before the adoption of the SRA. The State asserts that changes in the structure and grading of thefts, which replaced larceny crimes, reflected both inflation and a broad change in the structure of charging thefts. Therefore, the State contends this court must adopt a rule permitting uniform and proportional punishment as far as possible. The State claims this should be accomplished through use of the maximum penalty for pre-SRA crimes which were never classified by the legislature and should be the guide adopted for classification of crimes found outside of Title 9A.

This court adopted a rule providing for uniform and proportional punishment insofar as possible. That rule, and the rationale for it, is set forth in Johnson. There is nothing in the facts of the case before this court that justifies a departure. Moreover, application of Johnson is consistent with the approach of this court to out-of-state convictions. See State v. Weiand, 66 Wash.App. 29, 831 P.2d 749 (1992).

One of the purposes of the SRA is to ensure punishment "commensurate with the punishment imposed on...