State v. Williams, C79-09-33235

• Decision Date: 22 September 1980
• Docket Number: No. C79-09-33235,C79-09-33235
• Citation: 48 Or.App. 319,617 P.2d 629
• Parties: STATE of Oregon, Appellant, v. Charles Autry WILLIAMS, Respondent. ; CA 16610.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

Page 629

617 P.2d 629

48 Or.App. 319

STATE of Oregon, Appellant, v. Charles Autry WILLIAMS, Respondent.

No. C79-09-33235; CA 16610.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted July 30, 1980.

Decided Sept. 22, 1980.

Thomas H. Denney, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief were James M. Brown, Atty. Gen., and Walter L. Barrie, Sol. Gen., Salem.

Kenneth D. Orcutt, Portland, argued the cause for respondent. On the brief was Richard S. Mannis, Portland.

Before GILLETTE, P. J., and ROBERTS and CAMPBELL, JJ.

GILLETTE, Presiding Judge.

The issue in this case and in the companion case of State v. Brown, --- Or.App. ---, 616 P.2d 582 (decided this date) is whether jeopardy has attached and prohibits a retrial when, in defendant's first trial, due to the bailiff's inadvertent error, the jury saw the defendant in handcuffs and the trial court granted the defendant's subsequent motion for mistrial. The trial court in the present case held that jeopardy had attached and dismissed. We reverse. We hold that the bailiff's negligent mistake in this case is not judicial misconduct which precludes a retrial of the defendant. State v. Rathbun, 287 Or. 421, 600 P.2d 392 (1979).

The record made below on the defendant's motion to dismiss is sparse. The only account of the events leading up to the mistrial is contained in the bailiff's statement. The parties stipulated to the admission of the statement which, in pertinent part, reads as follows:

"I am Bailiff-Secretary for Judge J. J. Murchison, Dept. 14.

"On the day in question, November 20, 1979, our Jury Room was in the process of being painted, and I had made arrangements to utilize the Jury Room adjacent to Judge Unis's courtroom, as they had no jury. At the conclusion of the impaneling of the jury, a recess was declared, and I escorted the jury to the substitute Jury Room. I had no key to the door of the Jury Room, and I left it open while I returned to my office. I collected a pot of coffee which I had made for the jury and took it into the Jury Room for any jurors who might want a cup of coffee during recess. I advised them where they would find packets of cream and sugar and then left the room, CLOSING the door after me. At that point, I realized that access to the jury room was possible directly from the court room (which differs from our own arrangement) so I could enter in that manner rather than from the hall.

" * * *

"Upon my return down the hall, as I approached the courtroom I saw Judge Murchison standing in the open doorway to his Chambers, motioning to me. I asked, 'Shall I bring the jury?' and he shook his head No and motioned me into Chambers. He then advised me that a motion had been made for a mistrial and that he had granted same, and that when the courtroom was cleared I was to bring the jury back into our courtroom and he would advise them that the case had been withdrawn from jury consideration. This was done, and the jury excused. I called the jury room on the first floor and notified them of this action.

"It was not until the Judge informed me as to what had transpired that I learned that the guards had taken the prisoners past the Jury Room door while it was open."

While the bailiff's statement is not entirely clear on this point, the parties agree that the defendant was in handcuffs when he was led past the open door of the jury room. The parties also agree that, following this episode, the defendant moved for a mistrial.

On this appeal, the state does not ask us to examine the propriety of allowing the defendant's motion for mistrial. ¹ Rather, the state contends that, while the mistrial was proper, the bailiff's mistake is not such judicial misconduct as to invoke the bar of double jeopardy. We agree.

The statutes concerning double jeopardy do not prohibit the retrial of this defendant.

ORS 131.515 provides in part:

"Except as provided in ORS 131.525 and 131.535:

"(1) No person shall be prosecuted twice for the same offense.

" * * *."

By it own terms, ORS 131.515 is subordinate to ORS 131.525, which provides in part:

"A previous prosecution is not a bar to a subsequent prosecution when the previous prosecution was properly terminated under any of the following circumstances:

" * * *

"(2) The trial court finds that a termination, other than by judgment of acquittal, is necessary because:

" * * *

"(c) Prejudicial conduct, in or outside the courtroom, makes it impossible to proceed with the trial without injustice to either the defendant or the state * * *."

Here, it is clear that the trial court terminated the prosecution under the provisions of ORS 131.525(2)(c).

However, the defendant contends and the court below found that a retrial of the defendant is prohibited by the constitutional proscription against double jeopardy. ² Our analysis of this contention turns upon an examination of and comparison between State v. Rathbun, supra, and this case.

In State v. Rathbun, supra, the court held that the bailiff's misconduct required the imposition of the bar against double jeopardy. In that case the bailiff made improper remarks to the jury

" * * * concerning sentencing habits of the trial judge where a gun is involved, the range of sentences for robbery and the knowledge of the criminal element of society to be realized by riding in a patrol car with an officer. There (was) evidence that the bailiff's remarks were made on several occasions during the course of the trial, and one juror left the jury room during one recess to escape the bailiff's discourse upon the subjects above noted. * * * " 287 Or. at 424, 600 P.2d at 393.

The trial ended in a mistrial when the jurors were unable to reach a verdict. The judge who heard the subsequent motion to dismiss on the grounds of former jeopardy,

" * * * found that the bailiff's conduct was not attributable to mere negligence. He found rather than she was motivated by 'bad faith or prejudice' against the defendant. * * * " 287 Or. at 424, 600 P.2d at 394 (footnote omitted).

In holding that the bailiff's conduct in Rathbun triggered the bar of double jeopardy, the court concluded that the conduct was akin to judicial misconduct

" ' * * * intended to provoke mistrial requests and thereby to subject defendants to the substantial burdens imposed by multiple prosecutions. *...