Strange v. Treasure City

• Decision Date: 12 September 1980
• Docket Number: No. B-9133,B-9133
• Citation: 608 S.W.2d 604
• Parties: Roy STRANGE, Petitioner, v. TREASURE CITY, Respondent.
• Court: Texas Supreme Court

Page 604

608 S.W.2d 604

Roy STRANGE, Petitioner, v. TREASURE CITY, Respondent.

No. B-9133.

Supreme Court of Texas.

Sept. 12, 1980.

On Rehearing Oct. 29, 1980.

John H. Cochran, Dallas, for petitioner.

Oster & Kaufman, Stanley M. Kaufman and Herbert Garon, Jr., Dallas, for respondent.

DENTON, Justice.

This appeal presents questions concerning jury misconduct. After a hearing, the trial court overruled the defendant's motion for new trial based on several acts of jury misconduct. The court of civil appeals reversed the judgment of the trial court and remanded the cause for a new trial; holding that the alleged acts of misconduct did occur, and that the misconduct had denied the defendant a fair trial. 590 S.W.2d 816. We reverse the judgment of the court of civil appeals and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Roy Strange sued Treasure City for damages due to false imprisonment. The incident alleged to have been false imprisonment occurred while Mr. Strange was shopping in the Treasure City store. The jury found that: (1) Treasure City did not have reasonable cause to detain Mr. Strange; (2) Mr. Strange suffered mental anguish, humiliation and damage to his reputation in the amount of $1,500.00; (3) Treasure City's employees acted with malice; (4) Treasure City should pay $7,000.00 exemplary damages. ¹

The trial court rendered judgment on the jury verdict. Treasure City filed a motion for new trial alleging jury misconduct. There was a hearing on the motion at which four jurors testified concerning the deliberations. After the hearing, the trial court overruled Treasure City's motion for new trial.

On appeal, the court of civil appeals found that the jurors' testimony established the following acts of misconduct: (1) a discussion of whether an insurance company would pay any judgment; (2) a discussion of whether the plaintiff's attorney would receive one-third of any money awarded as a contingent fee; (3) a discussion of whether the plaintiff would be required to pay taxes on a judgment; (4) a discussion of whether Treasure City's employees were racially biased; (5) a discussion of whether reimbursement for lost wages and deposition costs was a better way to assess damages than to follow the court's charge; (6) a statement by a juror that she "had personal In reviewing the record to determine jury misconduct, certain legal rules must be applied. Rule 327 Tex.R.Civ.P. provides:

reasons to give as much money as possible" to the plaintiff.

Where the ground of the motion is misconduct of the jury or of the officer in charge of them, or because of any communication made to the jury or that they received other testimony, or that a juror gave an erroneous or incorrect answer on voir dire examination, the court shall hear evidence thereof from the jury or others in open court, and may grant a new trial if such misconduct proved, or the testimony received, or the communication made, or the erroneous or incorrect answer on voir dire examination, be material, and if it reasonably appears from the evidence both on the hearing of the motion and the trial of the case and from the record as a whole that injury probably resulted to the complaining party.

Under this rule the party seeking a new trial on the basis of jury misconduct must establish not only that the alleged misconduct occurred, but also that it was material misconduct, and that based on the record as a whole, the misconduct probably resulted in harm to the complaining party. Fountain v. Ferguson, 441 S.W.2d 506, 507 (Tex.1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 959, 90 S.Ct. 433, 24 L.Ed.2d 424 (1969); Crawford v. Detering Co., 150 Tex. 140, 237 S.W.2d 615 (1951); Baucum v. Statewide Hot Shot, 550 S.W.2d 156, 159 (Tex.Civ.App.-Corpus Christi 1977, writ ref'd n. r. e.). In determining whether the complaining party has met this burden, only the overt acts of the jury may be considered, and any testimony concerning the mental processes of the jurors must be disregarded. Trousdale v. Texas & New Orleans Railroad Co., 154 Tex. 231, 276 S.W.2d 242 (1955). Whether the alleged misconduct has occurred is a question of fact, and if there is conflicting evidence on this issue, the finding of the trial court is binding on appellate review. If, however, the evidence of misconduct is not conflicting, a reviewing court is not bound by a finding of the trial court which is contrary to conclusive evidence. Brawley v. Bowen, 387 S.W.2d 383 (Tex.1965); State v. Wair, 163 Tex. 69, 351 S.W.2d 878 (1961); Roming v. McDonald, 514 S.W.2d 129 (Tex.Civ.App.-El Paso 1974, writ ref'd n. r. e.). Here the trial court was not requested to and did not make findings of fact and conclusions of law. Since there are no specific findings of fact as to whether the alleged misconduct occurred, it is presumed that the trial court found that such misconduct did not occur, provided there is evidence to support such a finding. Fountain v. Ferguson, supra; Barrington v. Duncan, 140 Tex. 510, 169 S.W.2d 462, 465 (1943); Monkey Grip Rubber Co. v. Walton, 122 Tex. 185, 53 S.W.2d 770 (1932).

The evidence of jury misconduct is found in the testimony of four jurors at the hearing on the motion for new trial. The jury affirmatively answered special issue No. 1, which inquired whether Treasure City had unreasonably detained the plaintiff. All of the alleged jury misconduct occurred during the deliberations on the remaining issues of actual damages, malice, and exemplary damages. Of the four jurors who testified, two of the jurors, Mr. Braun and Mrs. Richards, refused to sign the verdict. It is significant to point out that Treasure City relies solely on the affidavits and testimony of Mr. Braun and Mrs. Richards to prove the alleged acts of misconduct. Neither of them agreed with the entire verdict. ² Mr. Braun testified that during the jury's deliberations, he was "the devil's advocate on the whole thing." The following is a summary of the jurors' testimony concerning the specific acts of misconduct alleged.

Lost Wages

Mr. George Braun, the foreman, testified that during the deliberations on the special issue concerning actual damages that he A juror's testimony upon such hearing may be so contradictory and inconsistent that the trial court in exercising its privilege to pass upon the credibility of the witness may be justified in disregarding his entire testimony.

suggested that they award a figure based on the plaintiff's lost wages and deposition costs. However, on cross-examination, he testified that he had fulfilled his obligation under the court's charge, and had immediately reprimanded any violations of the court's instructions by the jurors. The court's charge required the jury to consider only the elements of mental anguish, humiliation, and damage to reputation. Therefore, Mr. Braun's testimony that he followed the court's charge conflicts with the testimony that at his suggestion the jury utilized a means of determining actual damages that violated the court's instructions. In Maryland Casualty Co. v. Hearks, 144 Tex. 317, 190 S.W.2d 62 (1945), this court held that the trial court's determination that misconduct did not occur was not error in view of the inconsistency of the juror's testimony. See also Monkey Grip Rubber Co. v. Walton, 122 Tex. 185, 53 S.W.2d 770, 773 (1932) in which this court stated:

Mrs. Richards, who also disagreed with the verdict, testified that the actual damages figure was determined by "someone" calculating the amount of the plaintiff's lost wages for two days in court in addition to deposition costs, and attorney's fees. Her testimony conflicts with Braun's in that she testified that Braun told the jury they were not to consider wages.

Of the remaining two jurors, Mrs. Anderson had no recollection of the discussion of deposition costs, attorney's fees, or how the $1,500.00 actual damages award was determined. Mr. Norton, however, testified that the subject of lost wages may have come up, but that it was immediately "shut off" by the foreman, and that he could not recall anyone calculating lost wages.

In view of the conflicting testimony of Mr. Norton, Mrs. Richards and Mr. Braun, and the inconsistency in Mr. Braun's own testimony, we are required to follow the trial court's implied finding that this specific act of misconduct did not occur.

Statement of Personal Bias

Another act of misconduct found by the court of civil appeals was the statement by a juror that she "had personal reasons to give as much money as possible" to the plaintiff. The juror alleged to have made the statement was not called to testify at the hearing, so there is no evidence of the truth of such a statement, or that the juror Mrs. Sanchez was in fact biased in favor of the plaintiff. Treasure City does not allege that Mrs. Sanchez committed misconduct by incorrectly answering an inquiry on personal bias during the voir dire. See Swap Shop v. Fortune, 365 S.W.2d 151, 154 (Tex.1963). However, such a statement of personal bias which introduces prejudicial matter into the jury's deliberations is misconduct. See McDonald, Texas Civil Practice, § 14.11 (1970).

Mr. Braun testified that the statement was made by Mrs. Sanchez during deliberations on the exemplary damages special issue. He stated that "Mrs. Sanchez held out for a very high amount, I think it was $14,500, and I asked her how-what-how she arrived at this figure or why or where and she said that its personal." Mrs. Richards also testified that during deliberations Mrs. Sanchez had made the statement of personal bias. Juror Norton did not recall any juror making such a statement, and Juror Anderson was not questioned on this matter. The positive testimony of Braun and Richards is not contradicted by Norton's statement that he could not recall such misconduct. Southwestern Sheet Metal Works v. C. H. Leavell & Co., 414 S.W.2d 723 (Tex.Civ.App.-El Paso 1967, writ ref'd n. r. e.); Travelers Ins. Co. v. Carter, 298 S.W.2d 231 (Eastland ...