Taschner v. Hill

• Decision Date: 26 March 1984
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 83-4632.
• Citation: 589 F. Supp. 127
• Parties: Joan TASCHNER v. James HILL, et al.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Pennsylvania

589 F. Supp. 127

Joan TASCHNER v. James HILL, et al.

Civ. A. No. 83-4632.

United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania.

March 26, 1984.

Joan Duncan Brown, Norristown, Pa., for plaintiff.

Thomas H. Kohn, Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant James Hill.

Andrew F. Malone, Blue Bell, Pa., for defendant Thrift-Rack, Inc.

Richard H. Markowitz, Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant Teamsters Local 384.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

JAMES McGIRR KELLY, District Judge.

On September 23, 1983, plaintiff Joan Taschner filed a three count Complaint seeking injunctive relief, compensatory and punitive damages.¹ The Complaint alleged that defendant Thrift-Rack, Inc. ("Thrift-Rack" or "Company") violated the collective bargaining agreement by refusing to permit plaintiff to return to her prior warehouse position from her position as an outside driver-salesperson. (Count I). The Complaint also alleged that defendants James Hill ("Hill")² and Teamsters Local Union # 384 ("Union" or "Local 384") violated the duty of fair representation owed plaintiff in failing to process a grievance filed against her employer, Thrift-Rack. (Count II). In addition, plaintiff alleges that the actions of the defendants were in retaliation against plaintiff both for her support of a group known as Teamsters for Democratic Union ("TDU"), which had run union reform candidates against the incumbent administration, and for grievances previously brought by her. (Count III).

Presently before the Court are Defendants' Motions to Dismiss or For Summary Judgment. In support of their motions defendants contend that:

1. The six month statute of limitations applicable to 29 U.S.C. § 185 bars any action based upon the Labor-Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 151, et seq.

2. Punitive damages may not be recovered in an action brought pursuant to the Labor-Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 151 et seq.

3. The National Labor Relations Board has exclusive jurisdiction to determine the alleged unfair labor practices as set forth in plaintiff's Complaint.³

4. Plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, 29 U.S.C. § 411.

5. Plaintiff has failed to exhaust her internal union remedies.

For the reasons which follow, Defendants' Motions to Dismiss Counts I and II are granted. Defendant Thrift-Rack's Motion to Dismiss Count III is granted and Defendant Union's Motion to Dismiss Count III is denied.

FACTS

The plaintiff, Joan Taschner, worked for Thrift-Rack in its warehouse for nine years, from 1973 until September, 1982. Teamsters Local Union 384 is and was at all times relevant to this action, the exclusive bargaining representative for certain employees, including plaintiff, of Thrift-Rack, Inc. From April, 1979 until September, 1982, she was employed as a checker-receiver in the warehouse.

In September, 1982, plaintiff successfully cross-bid for an outside job of driver-sales-person. While working outside as a driver, she developed a severe neurodermatitis condition and allergic reaction, requiring doctor's supervision and medication. As a result, she was unable to perform her job as an outside driver, but was physically able to perform her prior inside warehouse position.

Plaintiff twice requested Thrift-Rack to transfer her to her prior warehouse position which was still open, or to any other warehouse position. The Company, however, rejected her requests on grounds which plaintiff alleges were not provided for in the Collective Bargaining Agreement and which were in violation of past practice. In support of this contention, plaintiff avers that Company personnel assured her that she could transfer back to the warehouse from an outside driver's position under existing Company policy and that other employees had been permitted to transfer back to former warehouse positions with Company consent.

In response to the Company's refusal to transfer her, plaintiff filed a grievance with Local 384. That grievance was denied by Union agent, James Hill, on grounds that no cross-bidding was allowed, that there were two separate seniority lists for Union members who were employed by the Company, and that an employee must be working in a unit to be allowed to bid for a job in that unit. Plaintiff maintains that these grounds were not provided for within the then current collective bargaining agreement, nor in the prior agreement, nor in prior Company policy or practice. Plaintiff requested to take her grievance to arbitration, but that request was denied by Hill. Subsequently, the warehouse position was awarded to another employee with less seniority, no experience and lower qualifications than plaintiff possessed.

On November 2, 1982, Thrift-Rack again refused plaintiff's request to transfer to any warehouse position, although there were still warehouse jobs open, some of which may not have been bid upon by warehouse workers, and refused to give her any work, informing her that there was no work available for her and to go home. Thereafter, plaintiff called Thrift-Rack every day for about one week. She reported that she was still on medication and could not drive, but that she was available for any other work. She specifically requested transfer to any position in the warehouse. Thrift-Rack continued to refuse to transfer her to any position in the warehouse.

As permitted under section 6, Article XIX of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters Constitution, on December 12, 1982, plaintiff filed a charge of misrepresentation against Hill, by letter addressed to Local 384 Secretary Gordon Grubb, Jr. A hearing was held on that charge on February 24, 1984 (Defendant Union Exhibit "A", "B"). After all parties appeared and presented evidence, a decision was given, dated May 19, 1983, which dismissed plaintiff's charges (Defendant Union Exhibit "C").

Thereafter, on May 31, 1983, plaintiff appealed the decision of Local 384 Executive Board to Joint Counsel No. 53, for review of that decision (Defendant Exhibit "D"). A hearing was conducted by Joint Council No. 53, and a decision is still pending.

DISCUSSION

A. Section 301 Claims, Counts I and II.

Section 301 of the Labor-Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. 185 provides that an individual employee may bring an action charging his employer with breach of the collective bargaining agreement and his union with violating its duty of fair representation in mishandling the resulting grievance. See Vaca v. Sipes, 386 U.S. 171, 186-87, 87 S.Ct. 903, 914-15, 17 L.Ed.2d 842 (1967); Hines v. Anchor Motor Freight, 424 U.S. 554, 567, 96 S.Ct. 1048, 1057, 47 L.Ed.2d 231 (1976). Neither section 301 nor any other section of the LMRA states the statute of limitations applicable to these so-called Vaca-Hines actions. The Supreme Court recently held in Del Costello v. International Broth. of Teamsters, 462 U.S. 151, 103 S.Ct. 2281, 76 L.Ed.2d 476 (1983) that the statute of limitations to be applied to section 301 actions was the six month statute of limitations contained in section 10(b) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 160 (1976). Del Costello, supra at 2293-94. Del Costello overruled United Parcel Service v. Mitchell, 451 U.S. 56, 101 S.Ct. 1559, 67 L.Ed.2d 732 (1981) which had held that the applicable statute of limitations was the 90 day statute of limitations contained in the Pennsylvania statute governing vacation of arbitration awards. Id., 103 S.Ct. at 2291. Subsequently, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals held that the ruling in Del Costello was to be applied retroactively and thus would bar any section 301 suit not brought within the six month statute of limitations. Perez v. Dana Corporation, 718 F.2d 581, 588, 114 L.R.R.M. 2814, 2820 (3d Cir.1983).

Defendant argues that the six month statute runs from the date that plaintiff knew or should have known that Local 384 would not process her grievance to arbitration. Defendant Thrift-Rack's Memorandum of Law in Support of the Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment ("Defendant Thrift-Rack's Memo") at 6; Defendant Teamster's Local # 384 Memorandum of Law in Support of the Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment ("Defendant Union's Memo") at 12. According to the grievance procedure set forth in the collective bargaining agreement, see Defendant Thrift-Rack's Memo at 7-8; Defendant Union's Memo at 9-11, defendants argue that plaintiff knew or should have known that her grievance would not be processed on November 28, 1982. Since her Complaint was not filed until September 23, 1983, it is time barred under Del Costello and Perez.

Plaintiff does not dispute that the Del Costello and Perez holdings are controlling in the case at bar. Plaintiff, however, seeks to avoid dismissal of her case by arguing that the six month statute of limitations runs from the date of the decision in Del Costello. Plaintiff's Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment ("Plaintiff's Memo") at 6.

This argument will not, however, withstand analysis. By definition, retroactive application of a law changing decision applies to cases which arose prior to the law changing decision. See Beytagh, Ten Years of Non-Retroactivity: A Critique and a Proposal, 61 Va.L.Rev. 1557, n. 2 (1975) (retroactive cases govern "future cases, the present litigants, and all fact situations arising before the date of the lawchanging decision that are still reviewable either by direct appeal or by collateral attack").

Apart from the operative definition of retroactivity, the facts of Perez demonstrate that the six month statute runs from the accrual of the cause of action. Perez's cause of action arose on October 2, 1979 and his Complaint was filed 23 months later on September 18, 1981. As of either date, no controlling authority existed as to the statute of limitations governing section 301 actions. What case law existed ran the gamut from three months (borrowed from state...