Taylor's Estate, In re

• Decision Date: 07 August 1953
• Citation: 259 P.2d 1014,119 Cal.App.2d 574
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: In re TAYLOR'S ESTATE. BLACK v. TAYLOR. Civ. 19630.

Page 1014

259 P.2d 1014

119 Cal.App.2d 574

In re TAYLOR'S ESTATE.

BLACK v. TAYLOR.

Civ. 19630.

District Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 3, California.

Aug. 7, 1953.

Rehearing Denied Sept. 1, 1953.

Hearing Denied Oct. 1, 1953.

G. G. Baumen, Los Angeles, for appellant.

Bordon & Bordon, Los Angeles, for respondent.

VALL VALLEE, Justice.

Appeal from a judgment admitting an instrument to probate as the will of the decedent after a contest tried by the court without a jury.

The decedent, Clark E. Taylor, died March 10, 1952. The instrument is entirely in his handwriting, dated and signed by him. The contest was on the grounds the instrument is not testamentary in character, and if it is that it is conditional. It is in the form of a letter and reads:

'Heumenie Calif. [Hueneme]

'Acorn Unit 33.

'1-3-44----

'Dear. A. K. Lindsay

'Sorry I did not get to see you during Xmas But we were ordered back here to S.F. & then we sail from here for the above address on the 8th how long we will be down there you guess is as good as mine

'Anyway what I wanted most of all to see you about was getting a new bank book remember I told you about me loosing mine also in case Davie Jones gets me out in the South Pacific ocean in other words lost at Sea I would very much like to turn my Bonds & cash in the bank also the pay I will have coming in the navy over to

Betty Black

1935 W. 23rd St.

Los Angeles Calif.

Phone ParKway 3703.

'Her Mother & Father are

Mr & Mrs Ted Luschen

Same address.

'Thanking you very much for all your past favors & this one if it should have to happen

'Sincerely,

'Clark E. Taylor

'over

'My Bank account is

C. E. Taylor.

5929 So Main St.

L. A. Calif.'

On the trial of the contest, the evidence consisted of the instrument and the testimony of Betty Black received without objection. Betty testified: she was not related to the decedent; she had known him 24 years; she took Mr. Taylor to Port Hueneme in the latter part of 1943 at a time when he was getting ready to go overseas; '[a]t the time of his departure he said in the event anything would happen to him, he was sending a paper, which I took to be the will, to Mr. Lindsay, and in case anything happened to him, that I should contact Mr. Lindsay'; the instrument was in Mr. Lindsay's possession, not in hers, from the time it was mailed by Mr. Taylor to Mr. Lindsay; she did not see Mr. Lindsay between January 3, 1944, and the date of Mr. Taylor's death; in the latter part of 1945 or 1946 Mr. Taylor was out of the military service; after he got out of the service he lived with her parents, her husband and herself, in Compton; the five of them lived together in the same house; he lived there about seven months; on one occasion, during that time, at dinner Mr. Taylor mentioned 'Mr. Lindsay had this paper that he had mailed to him, and was still holding it'; 'when he finally found an apartment of his own, he again mentioned in case we didn't see each other again, or if anything should happen to him, that I should contact Mr. Lindsay'; in 1948 she moved to Inglewood; Mr. Taylor was living there at that time; from 1948 into 1950 he had dinner with them several times a week; on the day of his death he called on her to deliver a birthday gift and died at her home; some time after 1948 he referred to the instrument as his will; he had had a 'bad accident on his way to Las Vegas, and he was leaving again for Las Vegas, and at that time he mentioned again, 'Well, if I should turn over again and something happens, be sure you get in touch with Mr. Lindsay about this paper, this will.''; after Mr. Taylor's death Mr. Lindsay got in touch with her and told her about this instrument.

After the death of Taylor, Lindsay filed the instrument with the county clerk. Betty Black petitioned for its admission to probate. Lottie Taylor, an aunt, filed the contest. She appeals from the judgment admitting the instrument to probate as the will of the decedent.

Appellant makes the same contentions here as she made below: (1) The instrument is not testamentary in character; (2) If it is testamentary in character, it is conditional.

One of the requisites of a valid will is that it must appear the writing was executed with testamentary intent. ¹ There is no definite, fixed rule by which testamentary intent may be gauged. Cases may be cited in which papers offered for probate were established as wills in which the testamentary intent was less apparent than is the intent shown by Taylor's letter; no useful purpose would be served by citing or analyzing them as each case must stand on its own peculiar facts.

No particular words are necessary to show a testamentary intent. It must appear only that the maker intended by the instrument to dispose of property after his death. When words which may be construed as testamentary are used in an informal document such as a letter, and it is not entirely clear that the writer intends thereby to dispose of his property at his death, extrinsic evidence may be considered in determining such intent. ² Language similar to that used by Taylor has been held to be dispositive where the character of the document and the surrounding circumstances have indicated a testamentary intent. ³

We think it plain on the face of the letter, that it is testamentary in character. Taylor was about to embark on a hazardous, dangerous voyage during the war. He was contemplating death. His thought was upon the disposition he was about to make of his property. The letter makes a complete disposition of his bonds, cash in the bank and back pay,--apparently his entire estate. Considering Taylor's friendship for Betty Black, the circumstances surrounding his act, and his declarations after the war, it seems clear he intended that in the event of his death the letter would direct the distribution of the property specified therein to Betty Black. The facts seem to exclude any other inference. The words 'I would very much like to turn my Bonds * * * over to Betty Black' may be construed as words of gift, as direct and certain as if Taylor had written, 'I bequeath to Betty Black my Bonds. * * *' They practically have the same significance to a layman as specific words of gift.

It is argued that there was no evidence to identify the letter admitted to probate as the paper to which Taylor referred in his conversations with Betty Black. Shortly before he wrote the letter, he told Betty he was sending a paper to Lindsay, a will, and that if anything happened to him she should contact Lindsay. After he left the service he told her Lindsay was still holding the paper; and later, after he had had a 'bad accident,' that if 'something happens' to be sure and get in touch with Lindsay about 'this paper, this will.' After Taylor died, Lindsay got in touch with Betty, told her about this 'instrument,' and filed it with the county clerk. It may be inferred from this evidence that the letter admitted to probate is the letter to which Taylor referred in his conversations with Betty.

Appellant contends that if it be held that the letter is testamentary in character, its effectiveness was conditioned on Taylor's not returning from a sea voyage; and he, having returned, the condition was not fulfilled and the disposition did not take effect.

Probate Code, section 24, reads: 'A will, the validity of which is made conditional by its own terms, shall be granted or denied probate, or denied effect after probate, in conformity with the condition.' A condition precedent in a will is one which is required to be fulfilled before a particular disposition takes effect. ⁴

The test for determining whether a will is conditional is generally stated in this fashion: Did the testator intend, by the language used, to make the happening of the possibility referred to a condition precedent to the operation of the will, in which case the instrument is not entitled to probate if the condition is not fulfilled; or did he state the possibility of the happening merely as the motive or reason which led to the making of the instrument and which was carelessly stated in language suggestive of a condition, in which case the will becomes operative on the testator's death even if the event, the possibility of which appears to have induced the will, has not taken place? ⁵ One may by way of narrative, state a contingency he has in mind as the inducement for making his will, or he may, on the contrary, state it as the condition on which the will is to become operative.

In order to require a denial of admission to probate on the ground that death did not occur in circumstances contemplated by the decedent, the writing must contain language which clearly indicates a purpose to limit its operation. ⁶ Courts will not regard a will as conditional when it reasonably can be held that the testator was merely expressing his inducement to make it, however inaccurate his use of language might be if strictly construed. ⁷ The language should be held to be mere inducement if that construction is fairly permissible. ⁸ A condition will not be implied from indefinite language. ⁹ Particularly in the case of those in the military or naval service, who are liable to sudden peril, and whose informal wills receive high favor at the hands of the courts, language expressive of special apprehension as inducement to a will is not readily construed into a positive condition. ¹⁰ A statement in a will which merely indicates the necessity of a will does not render it conditional. ¹¹ The fact that the testator left a will implies he did not intend to die intestate. ¹² All the surrounding circumstances, including the preservation of the document after the apparent condition has failed, and instructions to take care of it, should be considered in determining whether the testator regarded the contingency as relating to the motive inducing the making of the will rather than as a condition to its becoming operative. ¹³ Delivery of the will by...