Texas Ry Co v. United States, 634

• Decision Date: 16 May 1932
• Docket Number: No. 634,634
• Parties: TEXAS & P. RY. CO. v. UNITED STATES
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

286 U.S. 285

52 S.Ct. 528

76 L.Ed. 1108

TEXAS & P. RY. CO.

v UNITED STATES.

No. 634.

Argued April 14, 1932.

Decided May 16, 1932.

Messrs. John W. Davis and Newton K. Fox, both of New York City, for petitioner.

The Attorney General and Mr. Charles B.Rugg, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the United States.

[Argument of Counsel from page 286 intentionally omitted] Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

During federal control of railways, that of petitioner was operated by the Director General under the Act of March 21, 1918.¹ Pursuant to the Transportation Act, 1920,² the government relinquished the property March 1, 1920; petitioner accepted the provisions of section 209³ of the act, and consequently received for the six-month period commencing March 1, 1920, an allowance awarded by the Interstate Commerce Commission to make good the guaranty embodied in that section. The company omitted this sum from taxable income returned for the year 1920. After audit the Commissioner of Internal Revenue added the amount to the petitioner's income and assessed a resulting additional tax, which was paid under protest. Upon rejection of a claim for refund, suit was brought in the Court of Claims to recover the portion of the tax attributable to the inclusion of the guaranty payment, petitioner asserting that the amount received was a subsidy or gift, and therefore not income within the Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution or section 213 of the Revenue Act of 1918.⁴ Recovery was denied. This court granted certiorari. 284 U. S. 616, 52 S. Ct. 266, 76 L. Ed. .

By the terms of section 209 of the Transportation Act, railroad companies which, like petitioner, had made contracts with the Director General for annual compensation during federal control, were guaranteed an operating income for the ensuing six months of not less than one-half the amount of such compensation. A minimum operating revenue was also assured to carriers not having such contracts, which had been under federal control of adversely affected thereby. Payment was conditioned on the carrier's acceptance of the provisions of the section, one of which was the agreement that, if operating revenue for the period should exceed the guaranteed amount, the excess should be paid into the Treasury. Petitioner signified its acceptance.

The statute in terms guarantees a 'minimum operating income' for six months after relinquishment of federal control. The situation in which the railroads of the country were as a result of war-time government opera- tion is well described in United Stated v. Guaranty Trust Co., 280 U. S. 478, 484, 50 S. Ct. 212, 74 L. Ed. 556. During that period their expenses had risen and there had been no commensurate increase in rates. While the government had either paid, or was obligated to pay, just compensation for their requisition, the amount of it was known to be insufficient for rehabilitation of the roads as privately owned and operated organizations. Until rates could be adjusted to meet increased expenses, loans be negotiated, and operating forces realigned and reintegrated, the credit of the carriers must by some means be re-established. Thus the government had a real obligation, not readily susceptible of accurate measurement, to assist in the restoration of normal conditions. The purpose of the...