The State ex rel. Rothenheber v. Allen
Decision Date | 20 March 1925 |
Docket Number | 25666 |
Citation | 270 S.W. 633,307 Mo. 480 |
Parties | THE STATE ex rel. EMIL ROTHENHEBER v. WILLIAM H. ALLEN et al., Judges of St. Louis Court of Appeals |
Court | Missouri Supreme Court |
Frank C. O'Malley for relator.
(1) Plaintiff's instruction defining "malice" contains every element of that term, since legal malice implies no more than a wrong willfully done -- that is intentionally. Minter v. Bradstreet Co., 174 Mo 444, 496; McNamara v. Transit Co., 182 Mo. 676; State v. Weiners, 66 Mo. 13; Callahan v Caffarata, 39 Mo. 136. (2) In the absence of a qualifying request from defendant, a general instruction on the measure of damages amounts to no more than non-direction and is sufficient. Reynolds v. Davis, 260 S.W. 998; Powell v. Railroad, 255 Mo. 420; State ex rel. United Railways Co. v. Reynolds, 257 Mo. 19; Hoover v. Electric Ry. Co., 227 S.W. 77; Norris v. Railroad, 239 Mo. 695; Burtch v. Wabash, 236 S.W. 338; Mahaney v. Railroad, 254 S.W. 16; Smith v. Fordyce, 190 Mo. 1; Sang v. St. Louis, 262 Mo. 454; Browning v. Railroad, 124 Mo. 55; Minter v. Bradstreet Co., 174 Mo. 444; Waddell v. Railroad, 213 Mo. 8; King v. St. Louis, 250 Mo. 501.
Charles E. Morrow, Judson, Green & Henry and N. Murry Edwards for respondents.
(1) The opinion of the Court of Appeals in condemning plaintiff's instruction defining legal malice, does not fail to follow the rule announced in the decisions of this court, but, to the contrary, follows them. McNamara v. Transit Co., 182 Mo. 676; Goetz v. Ambs, 27 Mo. 28; McKeon v. Railroad, 42 Mo. 87; Franz v. Hilterbrand, 45 Mo. 123; Buckley v. Knapp, 48 Mo. 161; State v. Jungling, 116 Mo. 165. (2) The opinion in holding plaintiff's instruction on the measure of damages erroneous is in consonnance with the decisions of this court, and does not conflict therewith. Badgley v. St. Louis, 149 Mo. 122, 134; Haysler v. Owen, 61 Mo. 270; Spencer v. Vance, 57 Mo. 427, 430; Carter v. Feland, 17 Mo. 383; Polk v. Allen, 19 Mo. 467.
Higbee, C. Railey C., concurs.
Emil Rothenheber recovered judgment against Pulitzer Publishing Company and others for actual and punitive damages for the conversion of personal property and the interruption of his business. The St. Louis Court of Appeals reversed the judgment for error in giving two instructions. [Rothenheber v. Pulitzer Pub. Co., 262 S.W. 48.] The first of these instructions reads:
"The court instructs the jury that by the term 'malice,' as used in these instructions, is not meant spite or ill will, but the knowingly or intentionally doing of a wrongful act."
The second, omitting the portion referring to punitive damages reads:
"The court instructs the jury that if you find for the plaintiff you will assess his actual damages at such sum as you find and believe from the evidence he has been damaged by reason of the wrongful acts of the defendants, if any, not exceeding the sum of $ 4,000 as actual damages."
I. The learned opinion holds that the first instruction is an incomplete and incorrect definition of malice in omitting the words, "without just cause or excuse." On page 54 the court says:
No decision of this court sustaining this conclusion is cited. In Callahan v. Caffarata, 39 Mo. 136, an instruction defining malice as "a wrong act against a person done intentionally," was approved. In State v. Weiners, 66 Mo. 13, Henry, J., said:
In Minter v. Bradstreet, 174 Mo. 444, 496, Marshall, J., said: "Malice in legal understanding, implies no more than wilfulness, that is, intentional."
And in McNamara v. St. Louis Transit Co., 182 Mo. 676, 682, we said:
No doubt many cases may be found in which, out of caution, the words omitted in this instruction have been used in instructions defining malice, but, as said by Judge Henry in the Weiners case, they are superfluous; they add nothing to the meaning of the instruction. In fact, they might have a tendency to confuse. After a jury finds that a wrongful act was done intentionally, what would they understand by the additional requirement that they must also find it was done without just cause or excuse? An ordinarily intelligent jury would, no doubt, understand this was mere tautology and disregard it. The instruction properly defined malice without the addition of the words omitted.
II. Commenting on the second instruction, the learned opinion says:
Relator's counsel very clearly puts the case as follows:
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