Thompson v. Postal Life Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 20 May 1919
• Parties: THOMPSON v. POSTAL LIFE INS. CO. et al.
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

226 N.Y. 363

123 N.E. 750

THOMPSON

v.POSTAL LIFE INS. CO. et al.

Court of Appeals of New York.

May 20, 1919.

Appeal from Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department.

Action by Kate H. Thompson against the Postal Life Insurance Company and the Provident Savings Life Assurance Society of New York. From judgment of the Appellate Division (178 App. Div. 490,165 N. Y. Supp. 500) reversing judgment for plaintiff, and granting judgment absolute dismissing the complaint, plaintiff appeals. Judgment of Appellate Division reversed, and judgment of Trial Term affirmed.

John Ewen, of New York City, for appellant.

Henry F. Cochrane, of Brooklyn, for respondents.

CARDOZO, J.

The plaintiff sues upon a policy of life insurance issued by one of the defendants and afterwards assumed by the other. The insurance was on the life of one Charles T. Thompson, and was payable to his wife. Premiums were paid and accepted for more than 15 years. In the end a delay of 6 days provoked a forfeiture of the policy. A quarterly payment of $26.10 fell due on June 4, 1902. A period of grace extended the time of payment till July 4, 1912. Payment tendered on July 10, 1912, was rejected by the insurer on the ground that the policy had lapsed. The notice required by section 92 of the Insurance Law (Consol. Laws, c. 28) had been received in due season by the insured. McCormack v. Security Mut. Life Ins. Co., 220 N. Y. 447, 116 N. E. 74. The policy therefore lapsed unless the forfeiture was waived. The complaint alleges that the defendant Postal Life Insurance Company did waive the forfeiture, subject to conditions which were duly performed by the insured. The answer admits the agreement, but denies the performance. ‘The defendant admits that it offered and agreed to reinstate the said policy and to waive the forfeiture and lapse of the said policy, provided the said Charles T. Thompson should make application for such restoration, and should take an examination before a medical examiner to be appointed by the defendant, and provided further that the said Charles T. Thompson should furnish satisfactory evidence of his insurability.’ This admission is followed by the statement that the insured did not furnish satisfactory evidence of his insurability, and that the defendant, for that reason, refused to reinstate the policy.

We think the uncontradicted evidence is that the condition was fulfilled. The insured applied for the reinstatement of his policy upon forms furnished by the insurer. He submitted to an examination by a physician designated by the insurer. Part of the form of application consists of questions to be answered by the insured. The answers give no hint of a defect in health or habits. Another part of the application is a certificate to be filled out by the examining physician. Again, there is nothing to suggest a reason for rejection. In a blank headed ‘remarks,’ the examiner supplements the detailed information with this statement:

‘Have known applicant for eighteen years and have never heard of his being sick. He is in splendid health, and apparently a good risk.’

This is again supplemented by the testimony of a physician that it is impossible to pick a flaw in the health of the insured as disclosed in the report. The insurer received the proofs, and notified the insured on July 30, 1912, that the application was rejected. There was no suggestion of a reason. In letters of later date the excuse was offered that the medical report ws unsatisfactory. Even then there was no suggestion wherein it was unsatisfactory.The time of trial arrived, and the medical director took the stand. He testified that he had rejected the application. He was allowed to add that he had done so in the exercise of his discretion and knowledge, the court ruling that this was to be assumed from the fact of rejection, so that the added statement counted for nothing. No flaw in the report was pointed out. No reason for dissatisfaction was assigned. The insurer had already taken the position, in its letters to the plaintiff, that no reason was necessary. In truth none existed, except the insurer's dissatisfaction with its promise. The trial court found that at the date of rejection the insured was ‘in good physical health and insurable condition.’ The finding was not disturbed by the Appellate Division. No other finding would have been consistent with the evidence.

[1][2] In these circumstances the insured must be held to have satisfied the condition upon which waiver was dependent. It is no answer to say that the evidence of his condition was not satisfactory to the insurer. The agreement did not contemplate the exercise of the insurer's taste or fancy or caprice. Crawford v. Mail & Ex. Pub. Co., 163 N. Y. 404, 57 N. E. 616. ‘It could not be unsatisfied with the certificate, capriciously. That which the law will say a contracting party ought in reason to be satisfied with that the law will say he is satisfied with.’ Miesell v. Globe Mut. Life Ins. Co., 76 N. Y. 115, 119. In the case cited we applied that principle to a very similar situation. There are other cases to the same effect. Dennis v. Mass. Benefit Ass'n, 120 N. Y. 496, 505,24 N. E. 843, 9 L. R. A. 189, 17 Am. St. Rep. 660; Knights Templars' Life Indemnity Co. v. Jacobus, 80 Fed. 205, 25 C. C. A. 378;Leonard v. Prudential Ins. Co., 128 Wis. 348, 107 N. W. 646,116 Am. St. Rep. 50. This insurer had agreed to reinstate and waive if satisfactory evidence of insurability was supplied. Evidence that ought to have satisfied was supplied, and thereupon, without further act of the insured or the insurer, the policy was revived. Miesell v. Globe Mut. Life Ins. Co., supra; Dennis v. Mass. Ben. Ass'n, supra; Reed v. Provident Savings Life Assur. Soc., 190 N. Y. 111, 120,82 N. E. 734;Knights Templars' Life Ind. Co. v. Jacobus, 80 Fed. 202, 205, 25 C. C. A. 378. An attempt is made to show that the insurer did not agree to waive upon production of proper proofs, but only in that event ‘to consider’ whether it would waive. A letter from the insurer to the insured is quoted to sustain the argument. The letter was received under the plaintiff's objection that it tended to contradict the admissions of the pleadings. It was received under the ruling that it would be given no such effect, and would be taken merely as part of the...