Thomson v. City of Lewiston

• Decision Date: 01 July 2002
• Docket Number: No. 26881.,26881.
• Parties: Brent THOMSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CITY OF LEWISTON; Urban Renewal, Agency, City of Lewiston, Defendant-Respondent.
• Court: Idaho Supreme Court

50 P.3d 488

137 Idaho 473

Brent THOMSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CITY OF LEWISTON; Urban Renewal, Agency, City of Lewiston, Defendant-Respondent.

No. 26881.

Supreme Court of Idaho, Boise, April 2002 Term.

July 1, 2002.

Edwin L. Litteneker, Lewiston, for appellant.

Clements, Brown & McNichols, Lewiston, for respondent. Bentley G. Stromberg argued.

TROUT, Chief Justice.

I. NATURE OF THE CASE

This is an appeal from the district judge's dismissal based on lack of standing, of Appellant Brent Thomson's (Thomson) complaint seeking a declaratory judgment invalidating the City of Lewiston's (City) creation of an urban renewal plan (Plan) pursuant to Chapter 20, Title 50, Idaho Code. We affirm.

II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On October 18, 1999, the City adopted Resolution No. 99-75, which found that deteriorated or deteriorating conditions existed within the City that were in need of rehabilitation, conservation, or redevelopment. The Resolution also created an entity called the Urban Renewal Agency (Agency) to function within the City. On November 15, 1999, the City adopted Resolution 99-85, declaring that the "Nez Perce Terrace Urban Renewal Area # 1" was a deteriorated or deteriorating area, as defined by Idaho Code §§ 50-2018 and 50-2903. Resolution 99-85 also designated this area to be an urban renewal area pursuant to Idaho Code, Title 50, Chapter 20, and the Local Economic Development Act, and directed the Agency to develop an urban renewal plan for that area.

The Agency created a Plan, which called for the development of a business and technology park within the area. The Plan called for funding in excess of ten million dollars, with funds to be generated from grants, private investors, private-public financing, local public investment, and tax increment financing. The City held a public hearing on adoption of the Plan on January 10, 2000, and on January 31, 2000, it enacted Ordinance No. 4261 (Ordinance), which approved the Plan.

On February 18, 2000, Thompson filed a complaint in the 2nd Judicial District Court alleging that "Plaintiff is a resident and tax payer in the City of Lewiston, Nez Perce County, Idaho, and a person of interest pursuant to the provisions of § 50-2027 Idaho Code." The complaint claims the Ordinance is invalid because the area covered by the Plan does not meet the statutory definition of "deteriorating condition" for open land, as defined by Idaho Code § 50-2008(d) and thus, the City lacked authority to adopt the Ordinance enacting the Plan. The complaint prays for relief in the form of "a declaratory judgment invalidating Lewiston City Council Ordinance 4261 and prohibiting the City of Lewiston and the Urban Renewal Agency from further proceeding with the implementation thereof, and for such other and further relief as may be just."

Thereafter, the City filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to I.R.C.P. 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6), claiming that Thomson lacked standing to challenge the Ordinance. The district judge treated the motion as a motion for summary judgment because exhibits were submitted for consideration with the motion, together with other documents considered by the judge in making his ruling. The district judge granted the City's motion on August 10, 2000, and Thomsen appealed to this Court.

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

In an appeal from an order granting summary judgment, this Court's standard of review is the same as the standard used by the district court in passing upon a motion for summary judgment. McDonald v. Paine, 119 Idaho 725, 810 P.2d 259 (1991); Meridian Bowling Lanes v. Meridian Athletic Ass'n, Inc., 105 Idaho 509, 670 P.2d 1294 (1983). Summary judgment is appropriate if the pleadings, affidavits, and discovery documents on file with the court, read in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party, demonstrate no material issue of fact such that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. See I.R.C.P. 56(c); Badell v. Beeks, 115 Idaho 101, 102, 765 P.2d 126, 127 (1988). "In making this determination, all allegations of fact in the record, and all reasonable inferences from the record are construed in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion." City of Kellogg v. Mission Mountain Interests Lmt., Co., 135 Idaho 239, 243, 16 P.3d 915, 919 (2000).

The burden of proving the absence of material facts is upon the moving party. See Petricevich v. Salmon River Canal Co., 92 Idaho 865, 452 P.2d 362 (1969)

. The adverse party, however, "may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of his pleadings, but his response, by affidavits or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." I.R.C.P. 56(e). Therefore, the moving party is entitled to a judgment when the nonmoving party fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial. See Badell, 115 Idaho at 102,

765 P.2d at 127 (citing Celotex v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)).

IV. DISCUSSION

A. Propriety of Procedural Method of Dismissal

Thomson argues that the district judge erred in treating the City's I.R.C.P. 12(b)(6) motion as a motion for summary judgment. Although the motion states that it is brought pursuant to I.R.C.P. 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6), "[i]f, on a motion asserting [12(b)(6)] to dismiss for failure of the pleading to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, matters outside the pleading are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one of summary judgment and disposed of as provided in Rule 56...." I.R.C.P. 12(b)(6) (2001). See also Fort Hall Water Users Ass'n v. U.S., 129 Idaho 39, 41, 921 P.2d 739, 741 (1996)

; Hays v. State, 132 Idaho 516, 519, 975 P.2d 1181, 1184 (Ct.App. 1999); Hellickson v. Jenkins, 118 Idaho 273, 276, 796 P.2d 150, 153 (Ct.App.1990).

In the present dispute, the City included several attachments along with its memorandum in support of its motion to dismiss. Likewise, Thomson included attachments with his memorandum in opposition to the City's motion to dismiss. In ruling on the motion, the district judge wrote, "I'm going to grant this as a Motion for Summary Judgment.... And I certainly have considered—considered and would have considered anything that would have been submitted to me outside of the—outside of the pleadings and—in a factual way. I think it's more properly a Motion for Summary Judgment based upon the ruling that the plaintiff does not have standing to bring this action." Because the district judge specifically stated that he considered material outside of the pleadings, he properly treated the motion as one for summary judgment.

Moreover, summary judgment is a proper procedural method for dismissing a claim based on a lack of standing. E.g. Scott v. Buhl Joint School Dist. No. 412, 123 Idaho 779, 782, 852 P.2d 1376, 1379 (1993); State v. Continental Cas. Co., 126 Idaho 178, 186, 879 P.2d 1111, 1119 (1994); Selkirk-Priest Basin Ass'n, Inc., v. State ex rel. Batt, 128 Idaho 831, 834-35, 919 P.2d 1032, 1035-36 (1996). Therefore, we hold that the motion was properly treated as a motion for summary judgment, and that summary judgment was a proper method for dismissing a case based on a lack of standing.

B. Lack of Standing

1. Traditional Standing Analysis

The district judge was correct in holding that Thomson lacks standing under a traditional standing analysis. In Miles v. Idaho Power Co., 116 Idaho 635, 778 P.2d 757 (1989), this Court stated three basic propositions concerning standing:

1. "The doctrine of standing focuses on the party seeking relief and not on the issues the party wishes to have adjudicated."

2. "[T]o satisfy the case or controversy requirement of standing, litigants generally must allege or demonstrate an injury in fact and a substantial likelihood that the judicial relief requested will prevent or redress the claimed injury."

3. "[A] citizen and taxpayer may not challenge a governmental enactment where the injury is one suffered alike by all citizens and taxpayers of the jurisdiction."

Boundary Backpackers v. Boundary County, 128 Idaho 371, 375, 913 P.2d 1141, 1145 (1996) (quoting Miles, 116 Idaho at 641, 778 P.2d at 763).

In the present dispute, the district judge noted these three principles, and cited to Miles in ruling that Thomson lacked standing. The district judge wrote, "[c]ertainly where a taxpayer of a jurisdiction on that basis challenges an action of that—of the governmental agency, on that basis alone standing has not been found." In fact, Thomson essentially concedes that he lacks standing under a traditional standing analysis. In his opening brief, he writes, "Mr. Thomson does not assert that he was damaged as a result of the creation of the Urban Renewal District, only that the actions of the City should be reviewed by the court to determine the validity, legality and regularity of the City's actions pursuant to Idaho Urban Renewal Act." Therefore, the district judge was correct in holding that Thomson lacked standing under a traditional standing analysis because he does not allege any particularized injury, but rather only an injury that is "suffered alike by all citizens and taxpayers of the jurisdiction."

2. Standing Under Idaho Code § 50-2027

Thomson's primary argument is that Idaho Code § 50-2027 confers standing on him to bring this action. Idaho Code § 50-2027 provides:

§ 50-2027. Limitations on review of adoption or modification of plan, and issuance of bonds

...

(2) For a period of thirty (30) days after the effective date of the ordinance or resolution, any person in interest shall have the right to contest the legality of such ordinance, resolution or proceeding or any bonds which may be authorized thereby. No contest or proceeding to question the validity or legality of any ordinance, resolution or proceeding, or any

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