Town of Bridgewater v. Chuckran

• Decision Date: 06 June 1966
• Citation: 351 Mass. 20,217 N.E.2d 726
• Parties: TOWN OF BRIDGEWATER et al. 1 v. John CHUCKRAN.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 726

217 N.E.2d 726

351 Mass. 20

TOWN OF BRIDGEWATER et al. ¹ v. John CHUCKRAN.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Plymouth.

Argued May 3, 1966.

Decided June 6, 1966.

Harry p. Dunn, Bridgewater, for Town of Bridgewater (Robert G. Clark, III, Brockton, for interveners, with him).

George L. Wainwright, Brockton (Charles P. Buckley, Bridgewater, with him) for defendant.

Before WILKINS, C.J., and SPALDING, WHITTEMORE, KIRK, and REARDON, JJ. KIRK, Justice.

The town seeks to enjoin the defendant from using premises, owned by him and located in a residence district, for the mixing, sale and distribution of concrete. The judge voluntarily made comprehensive findings of fact, which by adoption following requests under G.L. c. 214, § 23, became a statutory report of material facts. The evidence is reported. We apply the same standard of review that was applied in DiBurro v. Bonasia, 321 Mass. 12, 13, 15, 71 N.E.2d 401.

The facts found by the judge are fully supported by the evidence. We summarize them. The zoning by-law became effective on June 3, 1957. Prior to that date Chuckran's premises, at 437 North Street, were used for his residence and for the keeping of building materials which he sold to others or used in his own principal business as a house builder. The materials were kept in a cement block building erected by Chuckran to the rear of the dwelling. Incidental to his building business he used a small batcher on the premises and a portable batcher mounted on a truck to mix concrete which was then poured for foundations of houses built by him. More frequently he bought and used concrete mixed by others. The total mixing capacity of Chuckran's equipment in 1957 was four cubic yards. His other equipment in 1957 consisted, at most, of two dump trucks, a tractor loader, a heavy duty trailer and a one and one-half ton truck.

Since the adoption of the zoning by-law Chuckran has greatly increased his concrete mixing equipment, notably in trucks. The total mixing capacity of his trucks is now thirty-five cubic yards. In addition Chuckran has built and plans to use a batcher made up of a large steel bin mounted on steel legs thirty-five feet high with a long conveyor belt which would feed ingredients into the bin from which concrete mix would be poured into trucks stationed below. Six of his trucks are ten-wheelers. In 1961, the telephone listing for the business was changed from 'John Chuckran Lumber Company' to 'Chuckran's Lumber and Concrete Company.' Also in 1961, Chuckran added the words 'and Concrete' to the signs on his trucks. Increasingly unsightly mounds of empty cement bags have piled up. Old motor vehicles and other waste materials have accumulated over an area larger than that originally used by Chuckran for business purposes in 1957. From all appearances, the mixing of concrete and the supplying of it to others is now a major enterprise.

Chuckran was unable to supply business records prior to 1960. Although he contended that he was engaged in the concrete mixing business prior to zoning and that his increased activity in that line was a permissible increase in volume within the scope of the exemption for a nonconforming use (see Building Commr. of Medford v. McGrath, 312 Mass. 461, 462, 45 N.E.2d 265) the judge found, and we agree, that Chuckran's pre-1957 work with concrete was incidental to his main business of construction whereas his activities since the enactment of the zoning by-law show the emergence of a new business in the manufacture, sale and distribution of ready mixed concrete.

Recent cases have emphasized three tests for determining whether current use of property fits within the exemption granted to nonconforming uses. (1) Whether the use reflects the 'nature and purpose' of the use prevailing when the zoning by-law took effect. Massachusetts Broken Stone Co. v. Town of Weston, 346 Mass. 657, 662, 195 N.E.2d 522; SUPERINTENDENT & INSPECTOR OF BLDGS. OF CAMBRIDGE V. VILLARI, MASS., 213 N.E.2D 861. (2)^A Whether there is a difference in the quality or character, as well as the degree, of use. Brady v. Board of Appeals of Westport, 348 Mass. 515, 523, 204 N.E.2d 513; Building Inspector of Malden v. Werlin Realty Inc., Mass., ^b 211 N.E.2d 338. (3) Whether the current use is 'different in kind in its effect on the neighborhood.' City of Medford v. Marinucci Bros. & Co., Inc., 344 Mass. 50, 60, 181 N.E.2d 584, 590, and cases cited. W...