Town of Cicero v. LaFrancis

• Decision Date: 28 June 1996
• Docket Number: No. 1-95-2791,1-95-2791
• Citation: 668 N.E.2d 164,282 Ill.App.3d 556,218 Ill.Dec. 1
• Parties: , 218 Ill.Dec. 1 The TOWN OF CICERO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Kenneth J. LaFRANCIS, Herbert J. Placek, and James Harris, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 164

668 N.E.2d 164

282 Ill.App.3d 556, 218 Ill.Dec. 1

The TOWN OF CICERO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Kenneth J. LaFRANCIS, Herbert J. Placek, and James Harris Defendants-Appellees.

No. 1-95-2791.

Appellate Court of Illinois First District, Sixth Division.

June 28, 1996.

Dennis Both and Patrick J. Doherty, Cicero, for Appellant.

Sirott & Kuhl, Chicago (Dennis L. Kuhl, of counsel), for Appellees.

Justice RAKOWSKI delivered the opinion of the court:

The Town of Cicero (Town) issued citations to defendants for violations of a local ordinance that requires the purchase and display of a Town vehicle sticker on motor vehicles registered in the Town. Town of Cicero, Ill., Code of Ordinances, art. IV, § 22-32 (eff. August 14, 1990). Defendants, Kenneth J. LaFrancis, Herbert J. Placek, and James Harris, worked for AAA Leasing and Trucking, Inc., which owned the vehicles and registered them to a Town address. At the time of the complaints, the vehicles had no Town stickers displayed. After a hearing, the trial court dismissed the complaints on the basis that the ordinance in question was unconstitutional and exceeded the Town's home rule powers to enforce a vehicle tax against commercial vehicles under section 2-121 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (the Vehicle Code) (625 ILCS 5/2-121 (West 1994)). The Town appeals, contending the vehicle tax is authorized by its home rule powers. We agree and now reverse.

The Town is a home rule unit of government under section 6(a) of article VII of the Illinois Constitution of 1970. Section 6(a) provides, in relevant part:

"[A] home rule unit may exercise any power and perform any function pertaining to its government and affairs including, but not limited to, the power to regulate for the protection of the public health, safety, morals and welfare; to license; to tax; and to incur debt." Ill. Const.1970, art. VII, § 6(a).

This provision of the constitution gives home rule units "the broadest powers possible." Scadron v. City of Des Plaines, 153 Ill.2d 164, 174, 180 Ill.Dec. 77, 606 N.E.2d 1154 (1992), citing Ill.Ann.Stat., 1970 Const., art. VII, § 6, Constitutional Commentary, at 24 (Smith-Hurd 1971). Under section 6(i) of article VII of the Constitution, the powers of home rule units may be exercised and performed concurrently with the State unless the General Assembly specifically limits the concurrent exercise or specifically declares the State's exercise to be exclusive. Ill. Const.1970, art. VII, § 6(i); Kalodimos v. Village of Morton Grove, 103 Ill.2d 483, 502-07, 83 Ill.Dec. 308, 470 N.E.2d 266 (1984); Village of Bolingbrook v. Citizens Utilities Co., 158 Ill.2d 133, 138, 198 Ill.Dec. 389, 632 N.E.2d 1000 (1994). "The General Assembly may provide specifically by law for the exclusive exercise by the State of any power or function of a home rule unit other than a taxing power * * *." (Emphasis added.) Ill. Const.1970, art. VII, § 6(h); Chicago Park District v. City of Chicago, 111 Ill.2d 7, 14, 94 Ill.Dec. 721, 488 N.E.2d 968 (1986). In addition, the constitution provides that the "[p]owers and functions of home rule units shall be construed liberally." (Emphasis added.) Ill. Const.1970, art. VII, § 6(m).

Defendants contend the Town ordinance, requiring all motor vehicles registered in the Town, including commercial vehicles, to display a Town sticker, conflicts with section 2-121 of the Vehicle Code, which states in pertinent part:

"The city, village or incorporated town in which the owner resides or in which a vehicle has its situs or base, except commercial motor vehicles as defined in paragraph (2) of Section 18b-101 that are registered under Section 3-402.1, may impose a tax or license fee as provided in Section 8-11-4 of the Illinois Municipal Code." (Emphasis added.) 625 ILCS 5/2-121 (West 1994).

The parties do not dispute that under this section both home rule and non-home-rule units alike have the authority to impose the tax in question on noncommercial vehicles. At issue, however, is whether the phrase "except commercial motor vehicles" equally applies to home rule units, thereby rendering the Town's local ordinance unconstitutional.

Effective January 1, 1993, section 2-121 of the Vehicle Code was amended by the addition of the phrase emphasized above. Prior to the amendment, the law was well settled that home rule units could properly tax or license motor vehicles, including commercial motor vehicles. See Rozner v. Korshak, 55 Ill.2d 430, 303 N.E.2d 389 (1973); Gilligan v. Korzen, 56 Ill.2d 387, 308 N.E.2d 613 (1974); Village of Hoffman Estates v. Union Oil Co., 56 Ill.App.3d 52, 13 Ill.Dec. 277, 370 N.E.2d 1304 (1977).

The Town argues the amendatory language to section 2-121 of the Vehicle Code does not apply to home rule units; therefore, the local ordinance imposing a vehicle tax on commercial vehicles is valid. The premise for this argument is that if the General Assembly intended to deny or limit the taxing power of home rule units, it would have included specific language to that effect. Our supreme court has held that a statute intended to limit or deny home rule powers must contain an express statement to that effect. Scadron v. City of Des Plaines, 153 Ill.2d 164, 187, 180 Ill.Dec. 77, 606 N.E.2d 1154 (1992).

"This interpretation supports the home rule provisions of our constitution 'which favor concurrent exercise of power by the state and by home rule units and attempt to avoid "preemption" by judicial decisions. The Illinois approach places almost exclusive reliance on the legislature rather than the courts to keep home rule units in line.' " Scadron, 153 Ill.2d at 188, 180 Ill.Dec. 77, 606 N.E.2d 1154, quoting D. Baum, A Tentative Survey of Illinois Home Rule (Part II): Legislative Control, Transition Problems, and Intergovernmental Conflict, 1972 U.Ill.L.F. 559, 579.

"The legislature is perfectly capable of being specific when it wants to be." Scadron, 153 Ill.2d at 188, 180 Ill.Dec. 77, 606 N.E.2d 1154. However, where it has not been specific, courts will not find preemption of home rule authority. See Scadron, 153 Ill.2d at 188-89, 180 Ill.Dec. 77, 606 N.E.2d 1154; Universal Outdoor, Inc. v. Village of Elk Grove, 194 Ill.App.3d 303, 308, 141 Ill.Dec. 208, 550 N.E.2d 1254 (1990); Rozner, 55 Ill.2d at 435, 303 N.E.2d 389; Mandarino v. Village of Lombard, 92 Ill.App.3d 78, 80-81, 46 Ill.Dec. 624, 414 N.E.2d 508 (1980).

In this case, neither the present nor the former section 2-121 of the Vehicle Code refers to home rule units. On its face, section 2-121 does not denote a specific purpose to limit home rule powers to tax commercial vehicles. In fact, section 8-11-4 of the Illinois Municipal Code, to which the pertinent statute refers, specifically provides, "This amendatory Act of 1973 is not a limit upon any municipality which is a home rule unit." 65 ILCS 5/8-11-4 (West 1994). Moreover, the General Assembly, before amending the statute, was well aware that section 2-121 was deemed not to limit home rule powers in the absence of specific language. See, e.g., Rozner, 55 Ill.2d 430, 303 N.E.2d 389; Gilligan, 56 Ill.2d 387, 308 N.E.2d 613; Village of Hoffman Estates, 56 Ill.App.3d 52, 13 Ill.Dec. 277, 370 N.E.2d 1304. Having failed to enact specific language, we find section 2-121 of the Vehicle Code, as amended, has no restrictive effect on home rule...