Tragakiss v. Dowling

• Decision Date: 27 January 1981
• Citation: 183 Conn. 72,438 A.2d 818
• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
• Parties: Michael Z. TRAGAKISS v. Victor DOWLING et al.

Page 818

438 A.2d 818

183 Conn. 72

Michael Z. TRAGAKISS v. Victor DOWLING et al.

Supreme Court of Connecticut.

Argued Dec. 10, 1980.

Decided Jan. 27, 1981.

John W. Sitarz, Hartford, with whom, on the brief, was Louis B. Blumenfeld, Hartford, for appellants (defendants).

Dennis A. Ceneviva, Meriden, with whom, on the brief, was John F. Papandrea, Meriden, for appellee (plaintiff).

Before BOGDANSKI, PETERS, HEALEY, SHEA and WRIGHT, JJ.

WRIGHT, Associate Justice.

The plaintiff brought this action against the defendants, co-executors of the estate of Paul A. Zazzaro, for the specific performance of an agreement to sell certain real estate which Zazzaro and the plaintiff held as tenants in common prior to Zazzaro's death. The agreement between the plaintiff and Zazzaro provided that upon the death of either party, the survivor could elect to purchase the decedent's interest in the property by serving notice of his election in writing upon the executor of the decedent's estate via registered mail, return receipt requested, within sixty days of the executor's appointment. The trial court found that such notice had been given and therefore concluded that the plaintiff was entitled to specific performance. On appeal the defendants primarily challenge this finding of fact, contending that it was found without evidence. ¹

"A material fact cannot be said to have been found without evidence if there is some testimony in its support-although slight-and none to the contrary ...." Meagher v. Colonial Homes Co., 109 Conn. 343, 348, 146 A. 609 (1929). A finding of fact must stand if it is reasonably supported by the evidence or the reasonable inferences drawn from the facts proven. Dunn v. Santino, 139 Conn. 352, 355, 93 A.2d 726 (1952). At trial the plaintiff testified that notice was sent through his attorney by registered mail to Zazzaro's estate at the time of Zazzaro's death. The plaintiff's testimony supports the court's finding because the testimony indicates that notice of the plaintiff's desire to purchase the property was sent to the defendants by registered mail at or near the time of Zazzaro's death. That the letter was sent within sixty days of the executor's appointment and that a return receipt was requested are both reasonable inferences which could be drawn from the plaintiff's testimony in light of the defendant's failure to present any evidence to the contrary.

The defendants argue, however, that the finding may not stand because the plaintiff's testimony consisted of hearsay, and the finding is therefore not supported by competent evidence. Even if we assume that the testimony was hearsay, the trial judge was entitled to accord it such weight as he deemed it to be worth because the evidence was admitted without objection. Pluhowsky v. New Haven, 151 Conn. 337, 343, 197 A.2d 645 (1964). The defendant's reliance on Danahy v. Cuneo, 130 Conn. 213, 217, 33 A.2d 132 (1943), where we stated that a failure to object to inadmissible evidence did not render that evidence competent, is misplaced because that case concerned the instructions which should have been given to the jury to enable them to evaluate certain evidence properly. Danahy in no way undermines the rule that when hearsay testimony is admitted without objection, the trier of fact may accord the testimony whatever credence it is worth. ² See Cutlip v. Connecticut Motor Vehicles Commissioner, 168 Conn. 94, 98, 357 A.2d 918 (1975). The plaintiff's testimony in the present case supports the finding that the requisite notice was given.

The defendants' second and final claim is that the trial court committed reversible error by failing to rule on their claims of law regarding the applicability of the doctrines of estoppel and "clean hands." At the time that this case was tried, December, 1978, the applicable Practice Book rule provided that "(i)n trials to the court, if counsel intends to raise any question of law which may be the subject of an appeal to the supreme court, he must state the same distinctly to the court before his argument is closed and in such time as to give...