Trimble v. Todd
| Decision Date | 30 June 1987 |
| Parties | 4 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 1359 M.H. TRIMBLE and Trimble Coal Company v. Micha M. TODD. Willard DRUMMOND v. Micha M. TODD. 85-835, 85-836. |
| Court | Alabama Supreme Court |
Nobie E. Hudson, Cullman, for appellant Willard Drummond.
Roy W. Williams, Jr., Cullman, for appellant M.H. Trimble.
Thomas E. Davis of Burns, Shumaker & Davis, Gadsden, for appellee.
These are appeals from a jury verdict in the amount of $56,092.00, for the plaintiff, Micha M. Todd against the defendants, M.H. Trimble and Trimble Coal Co., and Willard Drummond. On July 29, 1982, Todd filed suit against Trimble, Trimble Coal Co., and Drummond, alleging breach of agreement and goods sold and delivered, specifically 1,516 tons of coal. The judgment entered on the jury verdict is affirmed.
The facts surrounding this case are as follows:
In 1982, plaintiff Todd started mining in Franklin County, Alabama. He hired Ronnie Abernathy to help him operate his coal mining business. In May 1982, Abernathy made an agreement with Drummond for Drummond and Trimble to buy 1,516 tons of coal. In accordance with that agreement, Todd shipped the coal to Port Osborn. On May 26, 1982, Todd and Abernathy went to see Drummond in order to collect for the coal they had delivered. They were unable to collect. Two weeks later, Todd met with Trimble and an Attorney Guthrie. Todd asked Trimble if he would try to help Todd get his coal back. Through Guthrie they recovered 830 tons of the original coal and 635 tons of a better grade and a greater value. Todd then signed a release for the coal. Todd later sold the 635 tons of better grade coal to another customer. Both Trimble and Drummond denied the existence of a partnership. Drummond said he used Trimble's name in order to place his coal on the order to sell his coal. He further testified that his only agreement through Abernathy was that Todd could ship Todd's coal to Port Osborn and that he would help collect Todd's money for Todd. Todd's witness, Alverson, testified that from May 21, 1982, to May 26, 1982, he sold coal to Trimble. He further testified that in a phone conversation Trimble told him that Trimble and Drummond were partners and that they were mixing coal together and selling it to H & S Coal Company.
Drummond and Trimble first argue that the trial court erred when it denied a directed verdict in their favor on the grounds of violation of the Uniform Commercial Code's statute of frauds. It is admitted that no written agreement existed for the sale of the coal. Drummond and Trimble argue that the sale price was over $500.00 and, therefore, that the contract was unenforceable unless it was reduced to writing. Section 7-2-201(1), Code of Alabama (1975), states the following:
Formal requirements; statute of frauds.
Except as otherwise provided in this section a contract for the sale of goods for the price of $500.00 or more is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless there is some writing sufficient to indicate that a contract for sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by his authorized agent or broker. A writing is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon, but the contract is not enforceable under this paragraph beyond the quantity of goods shown in such writing.
However, § 7-2-201(3) states:
A contract which does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) but which is valid in other respects is enforceable:
....
(c) With respect to goods for which payment has been made and accepted or which have been received and accepted. [Emphasis added.]
The statute provides an exception to the rule requiring a writing evidencing the contract. The general rule is that for a contract for the sale of goods in an amount over $500.00 to be enforceable, the contract must be written; however, when those goods have been received and accepted, no written contract is required. Section 7-2-201(3)(c), Code of Alabama (1975); Dykes Restaurant Supply, Inc. v. Grimes, 481 So.2d 1149 (Ala.Civ.App.1985); Engel Mortgage Co. v. Triple K Lumber Co., 56 Ala.App. 337, 321 So.2d 679 (Ala.Civ.App.1975). In this case, it is not disputed that the sale price was over $500.00. Todd delivered the coal to Port Osborn under the designation of Drummond/Trimble, and it was accepted there. Therefore, because Todd met the requirements of the statutory exception, his claim does not fail because of a violation of the statute of frauds.
Defendants Drummond and Trimble next argue that the trial court erred when denied them a directed verdict on the grounds of release and waiver. One release that the defendants assert relieves them of liability is as follows:
Release
To: Whom it may concern
This is to certify that H & S Coal, Inc. hereby releases 1516.01 net tons of coal, stored at Port Osborn, Alabama, to Eagle Contracting Co.
That release was signed by the president of H & S Coal Company and Micha Todd for Eagle Contracting Company.
The other release they rely on reads as follows:
Release
Guthrie and Morrow Company, Inc. hereby releases all right, title and interest if there was any onto [sic] 1516.01 tons of coal delivered to Port Osborn, Jefferson County Al., May 24th and 25th, 1982 by Eagle Contracting Company.
Eagle Contracting Company releases Guthrie and Morrow from any financial or legal obligations in relation to this transaction.
That release was signed by John Guthrie, Jr., for Guthrie and Morrow Company, Inc., and Micha Todd for Eagle Contracting Company.
Section 12-21-109, Code of Alabama (1975), governs the effect to be given to the above releases. That code section provides as follows:
Effect of written receipts, releases, discharges, and judgments entered pursuant to pro tanto settlements generally.
All receipts, releases and discharges in writing, whether of a debt of record, a contract under seal or otherwise, and all judgments entered pursuant to pro tanto settlements, must have effect according to their terms and the intentions of the parties thereto.
Where no ambiguity exists, the Court's only function is to interpret the lawful meaning and intentions of the parties as found within the agreement and to give effect to them. Johnston v. Bridges, 288 Ala. 156, 258 So.2d 866, cert. denied, 409 U.S. 847, 93 S.Ct. 52, 34 L.Ed.2d 88 (1972). Parol evidence is not permitted to explain unequivocal terms. Jehle-Slauson Constr. Co. v. Hood-Rich, Architects & Consulting Eng'rs, 435 So.2d 716 (Ala.1983).
Both defendants argue that the intention of the releases was to vest in Todd marketable title in order that Todd could sell the coal to other customers. They further argue that...
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