Turner v. Sungard Business Systems, Inc.

• Citation: 91 F.3d 1418
• Decision Date: 15 August 1996
• Docket Number: No. 95-6503,95-6503
• Parties: 69 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 44,342, 35 Fed.R.Serv.3d 880 Archie R. TURNER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SUNGARD BUSINESS SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware Corporation, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (11th Circuit)

Page 1418

91 F.3d 1418

69 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 44,342, 35 Fed.R.Serv.3d 880

Archie R. TURNER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SUNGARD BUSINESS SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware Corporation Defendant-Appellee.

No. 95-6503.

United States Court of Appeals Eleventh Circuit.

Aug. 15, 1996.

Richard A. Meelheim, Birmingham, AL and Henry L. Penick, Birmingham, AL, for appellant.

John C. Falkenberry, Fern Singer, and Matthew A. Vega, Birmingham, AL, for appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.

Before EDMONDSON and DUBINA, Circuit Judges, and FARRIS ^*, Senior Circuit Judge.

EDMONDSON, Circuit Judge:

This appeal concerns a trial court's ability to impose attorney's fees and monetary sanctions on a party and his counsel for continuing to prosecute a frivolous action. Plaintiff and his attorney appeal the district court's order (1) imposing sanctions on Plaintiff's counsel pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and 28 U.S.C. § 1927 and (2) awarding attorney's fees against Plaintiff pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988 and the principles established in Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 98 S.Ct. 694, 54 L.Ed.2d 648 (1978). Because the district court did not abuse its discretion, we affirm.

I. Background

In December 1993, Plaintiff Archie Turner sued Defendant Sungard Business Systems, Inc. ("Sungard") for race discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Turner alleged that Sungard passed him over for a promotion and filled the vacant position with a white employee. Richard Meelheim initially represented Turner in this matter.

On 22 March 1994, the court granted Meelheim's motion to withdraw. The district court later found that Meelheim withdrew from the case "after plaintiff informed him that, regardless of his advice, the plaintiff desired to pursue the matter through other representation."

Henry Penick filed a notice of appearance for Turner on 28 December 1994. The district court held a pretrial conference on 27 January 1995. Sungard moved for summary judgment the same day. At the pretrial conference, Penick told the court that he had evidence to support Plaintiff's claim that the job at issue had been filled by a white employee. On 17 February 1995, Sungard filed a supplemental motion for summary judgment. ¹ Plaintiff neither responded to Sungard's motion for summary judgment nor appeared at oral argument. On 27 March 1995, the district court granted Sungard's summary judgment motion on the grounds that Turner had made out no prima facie case of race discrimination, finding that the position sought by Turner was doubtlessly still vacant.

Sungard then moved for sanctions. The district court issued a show cause order to Turner, Meelheim and Penick. Only Meelheim filed a response to the show cause order. Meelheim indicated that he filed the action after conversations with Turner and another former employee of Sungard had convinced him that there was evidence to form a reasonable belief that a white male had effectively received a promotion that was denied to Turner.

The district court heard the matter of fees and sanctions on 28 April 1995. Because Meelheim made some investigation of Turner's claim and withdrew when he learned Turner's claim was meritless, the district court imposed no sanctions against him. The district court issued an order awarding $10,000.00 against Turner representing reasonable attorney's fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988 and $6,255.00 against Penick as a sanction for prosecuting Turner's frivolous action. Turner and Penick appeal.

II. Discussion

A. Sanctions Imposed on Counsel

We review the district court's imposition of sanctions pursuant to Rule 11 for an abuse of discretion. See Donaldson v. Clark, 819 F.2d 1551, 1556 (11th Cir.1987) (en banc). Penick's and Turner's ("Appellants") argument on the Rule 11 sanction is two-fold. First, Appellants argue that Penick has signed no document, such as a pleading or motion, sufficient to trigger Rule 11. ² Second, Appellants argue that because the district court failed to sanction Meelheim for filing Plaintiff's complaint, Plaintiff's substitute counsel, Penick, cannot be sanctioned. Both of these contentions are mistaken. ³

Appellants argue that the only paper that Penick signed and submitted to the court was a notice of appearance. ⁴ Appellants argue that Penick's signing of the notice of appearance cannot subject him to sanctions under Rule 11.

This argument ignores the plain language of Rule 11, which merely requires "papers" to be "present[ed]" to the court. Further, it is well established that Rule 11 applies to all papers filed in a suit. See, e.g., Thomas v. Capital Security Servs., Inc., 836 F.2d 866, 870, 873 (5th Cir.1988) (en banc). The district court found that "from the moment he appeared on the plaintiff's behalf, he [Penick] had actual knowledge that there was no merit to the plaintiff's assertions, or, at the very least, he consciously decided not to inquire of the merits." That the only "paper" Penick signed and submitted to the court in prosecuting Plaintiff's claim was the notice of appearance is unimportant. By appearing in this case, Penick affirmed to the court that the case had arguable merit. In this sense, it was as if Penick had refiled the complaint. To use Rule 11's words, he was "later advocating" that the "factual contentions [in the complaint] have evidentiary support."

Appellants' citation of Bakker v. Grutman, 942 F.2d 236 (4th Cir.1991), is unpersuasive. In Bakker, the Fourth Circuit determined that the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to impose Rule 11 sanctions on substitute counsel whose only role in the case had been to move for a protective order extending the time to respond to discovery requests (to which opposing counsel consented), to produce documents in response to the request and then to file a voluntary dismissal, with prejudice, of her client's claims. Penick did more wrong and less right than did counsel in Bakker. Moreover, district courts do have broad discretion about sanctions.

Appellants stress the view that it was an abuse of discretion for the district court to issue sanctions against Penick when the court did not impose sanctions against Meelheim, who signed and submitted the complaint. In essence, Appellants argue that because the complaint was not sufficiently frivolous to subject Meelheim to sanctions, Penick cannot be subject to sanctions when the only document he filed is a notice of appearance. Appellants' view of the scope of counsel's duty under Rule 11 is far too limited.

Rule 11 was amended effective 1 December 1993. The 1993 amendment makes clear the continuing nature of a litigant's responsibility under Rule 11. Under the 1993 amendment:

It [Rule 11] also, however, emphasizes the duty of candor by subjecting litigants to potential sanctions for insisting upon a position after it is no longer tenable....

. . . . .

[A] litigant's obligations with respect to the contents of these papers are not measured solely as of the time they are filed with or submitted to the court, but include reaffirming to the court and advocating positions contained in those pleadings and motions after learning that they cease to have any merit. For example, an attorney who during a pretrial conference insists on a claim or defense should be viewed as "presenting to the court" that contention and would be subject to the obligations of subdivision (b) measured as of that time.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 11 advisory committee's note.

The district court found that (1) Penick knew from the moment he began representing Plaintiff that his claim was meritless, (2) at the pretrial conference, Penick represented that he had evidence to support Plaintiff's claim that the job at issue had been filled though no such evidence was ever presented to the court, and (3) after taking Zales' deposition, Penick had to know that the case was without a factual basis but failed to dismiss it, thereby forcing Sungard (and the court) to expend time and money on a summary judgment motion. That the contentions contained in the complaint were not frivolous at the time it was filed does not prevent the district court from sanctioning Penick for his continued advocacy of them after it should have been clear that those contentions were no longer tenable. An ample basis exists for the district court's imposition of Rule 11 sanctions. ⁵

B. Award of Attorney's Fees

Appellants argue that the district court's award of attorney's fees violates the Supreme Court's mandate of Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 98 S.Ct. 694, 54 L.Ed.2d 648 (1978). Under Christiansburg, a district court may award attorney's fees to a prevailing defendant in a Title VII case "upon a finding that the plaintiff's action was frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation, even though not brought in subjective bad faith." Id. at 420-22, 98 S.Ct. at 700.

In determining whether to assess attorney's fees, the district court must examine (1) whether the plaintiff established a prima facie case, (2) whether the defendant offered to settle, and (3) whether the trial court dismissed the case prior to trial or held a full-blown trial on the merits. Sullivan v. School Bd. of Pinellas County, 773 F.2d 1182, 1189 (11th Cir.1985). ⁶ We review the district court's findings to determine whether it abused its discretion. Id. at 1188.

Appellants offer two arguments that the district court abused its discretion in awarding attorney's fees. First, Appellants argue that because the district court failed to sanction Plaintiff's initial counsel, the complaint must not have been frivolous and, therefore, Plaintiff's action could not be frivolous, unreasonable or without foundation as required by Christiansburg. Second, Appellants argue that the district court failed to consider properly the Sullivan factors listed above before imposing attorney's fees and...