U.S. v. Laughy, 1429

• Decision Date: 19 September 1989
• Docket Number: No. 1429,D,1429
• Citation: 886 F.2d 28
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Harry J. LAUGHY, Jr., Defendant-Appellant. ocket 89-1157.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

Page 28

886 F.2d 28

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Harry J. LAUGHY, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 1429, Docket 89-1157.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Argued Aug. 16, 1989.

Decided Sept. 19, 1989.

William K. Sessions, III, Sessions, Keiner, Dumont & Barnes, Middlebury, Vt., submitted a brief, for defendant-appellant.

David V. Kirby, Asst. U.S. Atty., Chief, Crim. Div., D.Vt., argued, and with George J. Terwilliger, III, U.S. Atty., R. Jeffrey Behm, Asst. U.S. Atty., submitted a brief, for appellee.

Before MINER and ALTIMARI, Circuit Judges, and KELLEHER, District Judge. ^*

PER CURIAM:

Harry J. Laughy, Jr., appeals from the sentence imposed by the United States District Court, District of Vermont (Billings, J.), after his plea of guilty to unarmed bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2113(a). Laughy was sentenced pursuant to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.

This appeal raises the question of whether an inoperable pellet gun is a "dangerous weapon" within the meaning of Guideline Sec. 2B3.1(b)(2)(C). We find that it is and therefore affirm the district court.

BACKGROUND

On July 5, 1988 Laughy walked into the Merchants Bank in Jericho, Vermont. Brandishing what appeared to be a large pistol, Laughy ordered the bank's tellers to fill a pillowcase with cash. He escaped in a car and was later arrested in Stowe, Vermont. Of the $9,200 in stolen cash, the arresting officers recovered $9,189 from Laughy's car. The officers could not locate the weapon.

In order to locate the weapon, the government enlisted Laughy's aid. In return for his cooperation, the government agreed not to use the weapon against him at trial. The weapon was ultimately retrieved. It was a pellet gun, inoperable at the time of the robbery because it was unloaded and needed a fresh CO2 cartridge.

Laughy was charged in a one-count indictment with armed bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2113(d). He later pled guilty to the lesser charge of unarmed bank robbery. The presentence report recommended a three level increase in the base offense level for robbery because Laughy had brandished a dangerous weapon during the commission of the crime. See Guideline Sec. 2B3.1(b)(2)(C) (if a firearm or other dangerous weapon was brandished, displayed or possessed, increase by three levels). Laughy objected to the application of Sec. 2B3.1(b)(2)(C) inasmuch as the pellet gun was inoperable at the time of the robbery.

The district court conducted a hearing on Laughy's objections to the presentence report. In support of the application of Sec. 2B3.1(b)(2)(C), the government introduced photographs of Laughy taken during the robbery which showed him brandishing a weapon. In addition, the government introduced a forensic analysis of the photographs which concluded that the weapon was a pellet gun. Laughy requested an additional hearing for the purpose of challenging the forensic analysis. This request was denied.

The district court determined that Laughy did brandish a weapon during the robbery, and that the weapon was a pellet gun. In making this determination, the court relied on the photographs and the forensic analysis, and not on the actual weapon. Accordingly, Laughy's base offense

level was increased by three levels pursuant to Sec. 2B3.1(b)(2)(C).

DISCUSSION

Laughy argues on appeal that an inoperable pellet gun is not a "dangerous weapon" within the meaning of Sec. 2B3.1(b)(2)(C). In the alternative, he argues that the district court should have scheduled a new hearing to determine the accuracy of the forensic reports. Both arguments must be rejected.

Commentary to Guideline Sec. 1B1.1, Application Note 1(e), states that a pellet gun is a dangerous weapon. The Supreme Court has held that a gun is a dangerous weapon whether loaded or unloaded. McLaughlin v. United States, 476 U.S. 16, 106 S.Ct. 1677, 90 L.Ed.2d 15 (1986) (unloaded gun is a dangerous weapon within the meaning of the federal bank robbery statute, 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2113(d)). Accord U.S. v. Coburn, 876 F.2d 372, 375 (5th Cir.1989); U.S. v. Martinez Jimenez, 864 F.2d 664, 666 (9th Cir.1989); U.S. v. Gray, 808 F.2d 1432 (11th Cir.1989). As the McLaughlin Court explained:

[A] gun is an article that is typically and characteristically...