U.S. v. Morris, 99-1798

• Decision Date: 10 December 1999
• Docket Number: No. 99-1798,99-1798
• Parties: (6th Cir. 2000) United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Saul J. Morris, Defendant-Appellant. Argued:
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit

Page 423

203 F.3d 423 (6th Cir. 2000)

United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Saul J. Morris, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 99-1798

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

Argued: December 10, 1999

Decided and Filed: February 7, 2000

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan at Detroit; No. 98-80372--Patrick J. Duggan, District Judge.

Karen L. Reynolds, Paul Burakoff, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Detroit, Michigan, for Appellee.

Richard M. Helfrick, FEDERAL PUBLIC DEFENDERS OFFICE, Detroit, Michigan, for Appellant.

Before: BOGGS and SUHRHEINRICH, Circuit Judges;

POLSTER^*, District Judge.

OPINION

PER CURIAM.

Defendant Saul J. Morris appeals from his judgment of conviction for misusing a United States Coast Guard certificate, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2197. The issue on appeal is whether Defendant's misuse of a copy of an illegally obtained United States Coast Guard certificate of registry certifying Defendant as a marine physician assistant constitutes a violation of § 2197. We AFFIRM.

I.

In January 1991, Defendant submitted an application to the United States Coast Guard ("USCG") for a certificate of registry attesting to his qualifications as a marine physician assistant. Defendant was not entitled to the certificate, however, and obtained it by fraudulently providing false information to the USCG in support of his application.

In 1994 and 1995, Defendant submitted applications at three different health care providers. Defendant supplied two prospective employers with a copy of his USCG certificate. Defendant supplied a third with the serial number of the certificate.

On May 20, 1998, Defendant pled guilty to an information charging him with Misuse of a Federal Certificate in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2197. On September 29, 1998, Defendant withdrew his guilty plea and waiver of indictment. A grand jury returned an indictment on December 3, 1998, charging him with three counts of Misuse of a Federal Certificate in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2197. After a bench trial, the district court found Defendant guilty on all counts.

Defendant was sentenced to nine months of imprisonment. He timely appeals.

II.

Section 2197 of Title 18 of the United States Code provides, in pertinent part, that:

Whoever, not being lawfully entitled thereto, uses, exhibits, or attempts to use or exhibit, . . . any certificate . . . issued to . . . seamen by any officer or employee of the United States authorized by law to issue the same . . . shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

18 U.S.C.A. § 2197 (West 1984).

The present case involves a question of statutory interpretation and is, therefore, subject to de novo review. See United States v. Hans, 921 F.2d 81, 82 (6th Cir. 1990).

Defendant concedes that he was not lawfully entitled to the USCG Certificate of Registry certifying him to be a marine physician assistant because he obtained the certificate by fraud. Defendant further admits that the Certificate was issued by an officer or employee of the United States authorized by law to issue it. The sole issue on appeal is whether Defendant's use of a copy of the Certificate is subject to punishment under § 2197. Defendant contends that the statute does not prohibit the misuse of a "copy" of a federal certificate.

In support of his argument, Defendant points out that in § 2197, Congress prohibits the use of many different types of documents. For example, the statute provides that anyone who "alters . . . by addition, interpolation, deletion, or erasures" violates the statute. Further, the use of "altered, changed, forged, counterfeit . . . [or] blank forms" is prohibited by the statute. From this, Defendant posits that "Congress clearly foresaw the need to prohibit the use of many types of non-original documents in the very statute under consideration. This makes the omission of any prohibition on the use of a "copy" all the more significant since Congress prohibits the use of copies of other types of documents."

Defendant adds that, when Congress wishes to criminalize the use of a "copy" of a document or thing, it can, and has, expressed its intent in the statute. See, e.g., 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 922(v)(1) (West Supp. 1999) (making it unlawful to possess a semiautomatic assault weapon) and 921(a)(30) (West Supp. 1999) (defining "semiautomatic assault weapon" as "any of the firearms or copies or duplicates of the firearms in any caliber, . . . ." (emphasis added)); 18 U.S.C.A. § 1015(c) (West Supp. 1999) (providing that "[w]hoever uses or attempts to use any certificate of arrival, declaration of intention, certificate of naturalization, certificate of citizenship or other documentary evidence of naturalization, or any duplicate or copy thereof, knowing the same to have been procured by fraud or false evidence . . . ." ); 18 U.S.C.A. § 1905 (West 1999) ("Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States or of any department or agency thereof . . . permits any income return or copy thereof . . . to be seen or examined by any person except as provided by law; shall be fined under this title . . . ."); 18 U.S.C.A. § 2318(a) (West Supp. 1999) ("Whoever, . . . knowingly traffics in a counterfeit label affixed or designed to be affixed to a phono record, or a copy of a computer program or documentation or packaging for a computer program, or a copy of a motion picture . . . knowingly traffics in counterfeit documentation or packaging for a computer program, shall be fined under this title . . . .").

In rejecting Defendant's arguments, the district court ruled that:

The Court . . . concludes[] that by submitting a copy of the Certificate, defendant was using the Certificate. Clearly the information on the copy of the Certificate came from the original Certificate and there is no doubt that defendant was intending to convey the information on the original Certificate to the prospective employers by sending a copy of the...