U.S. v. Pulgarin
| Decision Date | 05 December 1991 |
| Docket Number | No. 88-1400,88-1400 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES, Appellee, v. Hernan PULGARIN, Defendant, Appellant. . Heard |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — First Circuit |
Jonathan M. Feigenbaum with whom Richard M. Passalacqua, Boston, Mass., was on brief, for defendant, appellant.
George W. Vien, Asst. U.S. Atty., with whom Wayne A. Budd, U.S. Atty., Boston, Mass., was on brief, for appellee.
Before TORRUELLA, Circuit Judge, COFFIN and BOWNES, Senior Circuit Judges.
At a bench conference during the voir dire in defendant's trial on cocaine distribution charges, the prosecutor exercised a peremptory challenge to exclude a prospective juror, one Belmiro Barros, Jr. The judge noted that, like defendant, the prospective juror apparently was Hispanic. The prosecutor immediately explained that the government had challenged Barros because he was a heavy equipment operator and there were a number of ongoing investigations of heavy equipment operators suspected of trafficking in cocaine.
Appellant's trial counsel then said, "I only point out that Mr. Barros is the only individual that my...." The sentence was interrupted by the judge, who said, "We have already pointed that out." There was no further comment from defense counsel by way of elaboration of his thought, objection, dissatisfaction with the prosecutor's explanation, or request for examination. The bench conference thereupon ended. The jury was empaneled and sworn without objection. A three day trial then ensued, resulting in appellant's conviction.
Appellant now raises as his sole issue the claim that the trial judge failed to observe the strictures of Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), in neglecting to make a finding (after implicitly recognizing that there was a prima facie case of unlawful discrimination) that the prosecutor's professed reason for challenge was race-neutral and, further, in failing to permit defendant to offer rebuttal evidence.
In light of Hernandez v. New York, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 1859, 114 L.Ed.2d 395 (1991), we assume, without deciding, that a Batson claim could have been made in the circumstances of this case to a peremptory challenge to a prospective juror with a "definite Hispanic surname[ ]." Id. 111 S.Ct. at 1865. But we are clear in our conclusion that none was made. We have steadily insisted on clear and timely preservation of alleged error in the court below, and...
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...more detailed explanation by the trial court in this case would make little sense." Perez, 35 F. 3d at 637; see also United States v. Pulgarin, 955 F.2d 1, 1 (1st Cir. 1992) ("[t]here was no further comment from defense counsel by way of elaboration of his thought, objection, dissatisfactio......
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