U.S. v. Trogdon, 02-3233.

• Decision Date: 03 July 2003
• Docket Number: No. 02-3233.,02-3233.
• Citation: 339 F.3d 620
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Gregory L. TROGDON, Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

339 F.3d 620

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Gregory L. TROGDON, Appellant.

No. 02-3233.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: March 11, 2003.

Filed: July 3, 2003.

Ann M. Koszuth, argued, Federal Public Defender, Springfield, MO, for appellant.

Katharine Pincham, argued, Asst. U.S. Atty., Kansas City, MO, for appellee.

Before HANSEN, Chief Judge,¹ RILEY and MELLOY, Circuit Judges.

HANSEN, Circuit Judge.

Gregory L. Trogdon pleaded guilty to receiving child pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(a)(2)(A) (2000), and was sentenced to sixty months in prison and four years of supervised release. The only contested matter at sentencing, and the only issue on appeal, is whether Trogdon is subject to a sixty-month statutory minimum prison term due to his prior conviction for first-degree sexual misconduct. We conclude, as did the district Court,² that this conviction triggers the enhanced statutory minimum. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

I.

The enhanced statutory minimum applies, as relevant, if Trogdon "has a prior conviction . . . under the laws of any State relating to aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward." 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(b)(1). It is undisputed that Trogdon has a prior Missouri conviction for sexual misconduct in the first degree, in violation of Mo.Rev.Stat. § 566.090.1 (1995). A person commits this offense if "he purposely subjects another person to sexual contact," id., defined as "any touching of the genitals or anus of another person . . . for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire of any person," Mo.Rev.Stat. § 566.010(3). The Missouri crime of first-degree sexual misconduct can be committed against either an adult or a minor. It is undisputed, however, that Trogdon's offense conduct included placing his hand inside the underwear of a girl under the age of twelve and inserting his finger into her vagina. The fact that the victim was under the age of twelve was specifically alleged in the amended state court information to which Trogdon pleaded guilty.

Thus, the question is whether the statute under which the defendant was previously convicted must contain as an element the victim's status as a minor in order to qualify as a conviction for "abusive sexual conduct involving a minor" triggering § 2252A(b)(1)'s enhanced statutory minimum. Although one district court has concluded that the victim's age must be included as an element, see United States v. Roy, 114 F.Supp.2d 1, 2-3 (D.Me.2000), we reject this approach. Accord United States v. Rezin, 322 F.3d 443, 446-49 (7th Cir.2003) (construing 18 U.S.C. § 2252(b)(2)'s enhanced statutory minimum for "a prior conviction . . . under the laws of any State relating to . . . abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward" and rejecting elements-only approach to determining victim's age in defendant's prior offense).

We think that the better approach is the one we use when determining whether a prior offense is a crime of violence triggering an enhanced sentence. If violence is included as an element in the statute under which the defendant was previously convicted, our inquiry ends. However, if violence is not included as an element, such that the...