U.S. v. Washington, 98-1318
| Decision Date | 06 July 1998 |
| Docket Number | No. 98-1318,98-1318 |
| Citation | 146 F.3d 536 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v. Willie Roy WASHINGTON, Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit |
Robert C. Sigler, Asst.U.S.Atty., Omaha, NE, argued, for Appellant.
Howard N. Epstein, Omaha, NE, argued (John P. Steichen, on the brief), for Appellee.
Before McMILLIAN, ROSS, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judges.
The United States appeals from an order suppressing certain evidence that the district court held was procured in violation of the Fourth Amendment. We reverse.
Last summer, a Greyhound bus stopped at the Omaha, Nebraska, bus station for cleaning and refueling, and all its passengers disembarked. Richard Lutter, an investigator for the Nebraska State Police, then entered the bus and visually inspected the luggage located in the overhead compartments. Mr. Lutter, noticing a black bag that still had manufacturer's tags on it, physically manipulated it, lifted it, and felt along its bottom. He testified that he could feel bundles "that were consistent with narcotics packaging." Mr. Lutter then left the bus and told other officers that he had located a suspicious bag.
When the passengers returned to the bus, the officers observed Willie Roy Washington place a piece of white paper in the bag. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Lutter observed Mr. Washington approach the bag, remove it from the overhead rack, place it on the seat next to him, and return it to the rack. Mr. Lutter and another officer then boarded the bus and asked the passengers collectively if any of them claimed ownership of the bag. When no one responded affirmatively, the officers asked each passenger individually whether he or she claimed ownership of the bag, and they all (including Mr. Washington) expressly denied ownership. (In fact, Mr. Washington identified a green bag as his, rather than the black bag about which the officers were inquiring.)
After all the passengers had denied ownership of the bag, the officers removed it from the bus and requested that Mr. Washington talk with them outside. After identifying themselves and their purpose, the officers again asked Mr. Washington if the black bag belonged to him, and he yet again denied that it did. The officers subsequently searched the bag and discovered more than seventeen pounds of cocaine in it. Although the bag itself contained nothing to indicate that Mr. Washington was the owner, the officers arrested him for possession of cocaine.
Mr. Washington moved to suppress evidence of the cocaine on the ground that the officers had obtained it in violation of the Fourth Amendment. After an evidentiary hearing, a magistrate judge recommended that Mr. Washington's motion to suppress be denied. The district court disagreed and granted the motion, holding that Mr. Washington had an objectively reasonable expectation that another person would not purposefully manipulate the exterior of a bag located in an overhead storage area on a bus. On motion for reconsideration, the district court held that Mr. Washington's denials of ownership would not have occurred but for an illegal search and that the court's initial decision to suppress the evidence was therefore correct.
We certainly entertain grave doubts about the constitutional propriety of the officer's initial manipulation of Mr. Washington's bag. We are of the view, however, that the search of the interior of his bag did not violate Mr. Washington's Fourth Amendment rights because he voluntarily abandoned it prior to that search. When a person voluntarily abandons property, he or she forfeits any expectation of privacy that he or she might otherwise have had in it. United States v. Sanders, 130 F.3d 1316, 1317-18 (8th Cir.1997).
It is true, as the district court intimated, that if an illegal search taints a subsequent act of abandonment, evidence acquired after the abandonment ought to be suppressed as the "fruit" of the unlawful search. See Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 484-88, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963). But we believe that our previous cases involving consent following an illegal search or detention are instructive on the question of whether...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Peters v. Woodbury Cnty.
...“objectively reasonable,” noting, inter alia, the detainee's refusal to comply with directions to change into a jail uniform); Moore, 146 F.3d at 536 (in concluding that the use of force was “objectively reasonable,” noting, inter alia, that the detainee “refus[ed] to comply with commands”)......
-
U.S. v. Liu
...because our resolution of the question could make it unnecessary for us to decide the other issues on appeal. See United States v. Washington, 146 F.3d 536, 537 (8th Cir.1998). If Liu abandoned his bag, then the evidence obtained from the subsequent consensual search of the bag and the stat......
-
State v. Lancelotti
...to circulate air in preparation for dog sniff (prepping) was not search within meaning of Fourth Amendment). See, also, U.S. v. Washington, 146 F.3d 536 (8th Cir.1998) (suggesting that officers do not have unlimited right to touch exterior of The Tenth Circuit has taken a more cautious appr......
-
U.S. v. Peach
...abandons property, he forfeits any expectation of privacy that he or she might otherwise have had in it." United States v. Washington, 146 F.3d 536, 537 (8th Cir.1998) (citing United States v. Sanders, 130 F.3d 1316, 1317-18 (8th Cir.1997)). 2) SEARCH BY BIA OFFICER OUTSIDE THE BOUNDS OF TR......