United States v. Balistrieri

• Decision Date: 10 February 1971
• Docket Number: No. 18223.,18223.
• Citation: 436 F.2d 1212
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Frank Peter BALISTRIERI, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

436 F.2d 1212 (1971)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Frank Peter BALISTRIERI, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 18223.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

January 14, 1971.

Rehearing Denied February 10, 1971.

Maurice J. Walsh, Carl M. Walsh, Chicago, Ill., for defendant-appellant; Dominic Frinzi, Milwaukee, Wis., of counsel.

Johnnie M. Walters, Asst. Atty. Gen., Richard B. Buhrman, Joseph M. Howard, Attys., Tax Division, U. S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., Frank J. Violanti, U. S. Atty., Springfield, Ill., for plaintiff-appellee; David J. Cannon, U. S. Atty., Milwaukee, Wis., of counsel.

Before SWYGERT, Chief Judge, CASTLE, Senior Circuit Judge, and PELL, Circuit Judge.

CASTLE, Senior Circuit Judge.

Defendant-appellant, Frank Peter Balistrieri, was convicted following a jury trial on two counts of an indictment charging him with income tax evasion for the years 1959 and 1960 by filing false and fraudulent returns in violation of 26 U.S.C.A. § 7201. He was fined $5,000 on each count and was sentenced to two concurrent two-year prison terms. On appeal this Court affirmed. United States v. Balistrieri, 7 Cir., 403 F.2d 472. The Supreme Court initially denied certiorari (394 U. S. 985, 89 S.Ct. 1463, 22 L.Ed.2d 761). In response to a petition for rehearing filed by the appellant, which petition asserted that there may have been illegal electronic eavesdropping of appellant's conversations on premises at 645 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, the Solicitor General stated that after investigation it had been determined that appellant was overheard during the course of an electronic surveillance of those premises, and suggested that the case be remanded to the District Court for further proceedings. The Supreme Court granted the petition for rehearing, vacated its order denying certiorari, vacated the judgment of this Court, and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings in the light of Alderman v. United States, 394 U.S. 165, 89 S.Ct. 961, 22 L.Ed.2d 176 and Giordano v. United States, 394 U.S. 310, 89 S.Ct. 1163, 22 L.Ed.2d 297 (395 U.S. 710, 89 S.Ct. 2032, 23 L.Ed.2d 654).

Subsequent to the remand by the Supreme Court but prior to the District Court hearing conducted pursuant thereto, the appellant filed a motion for a new trial based on allegedly newly discovered evidence favorable to the appellant which it is asserted the prosecution concealed or failed to produce although its existence was known to the government.

After a hearing on both phases of the matter, and the making and entering of findings of fact and conclusions of law, the District Court denied the motion for a new trial; concluded that the appellant's conviction was not tainted by evidence or other fruits stemming from the unlawful surveillance conducted while he was present and participated in a conversation at 645 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, on January 13, 1965; and entered a new final judgment of conviction and sentence, reimposing the original fines and concurrent two-year prison terms.

The record discloses that during the period between October 2, 1964 and April 17, 1965 the government conducted an unlawful electronic surveillance of certain premises located at 645 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. The court examined, in camera, the logs relating to this surveillance and found that they reflect that during the entire period thereof the appellant was present on only one occasion, i. e., January 13, 1965. The court also examined, in camera, the complete "airtel" relating to the surveillance on January 13, 1965. The portion of the log for January 13, 1965 which reflects the appellant's overheard conversation, and the portion of the "airtel" dated February 12, 1965 which relates to such conversation, were made available to the appellant.

The appellant does not urge that he is entitled to a new trial because of the January 13, 1965 overhearing. He concedes that "this material apparently does not bear upon any charge of tax evasion". What appellant does contend with respect to the unlawful eavesdropping issue is that because of the nature of the government's activities and conduct in the premises this Court in the exercise of its supervisory power over the administration of criminal justice in the federal courts should reverse appellant's conviction and dismiss the indictment. In this connection the appellant seeks to impeach the integrity of the government's representation that it has now made a full and complete disclosure of all of its unlawful eavesdropping conducted against appellant. To this end appellant points to the government's re-use of the tapes used to record the unlawfully overheard conversation, with the result that the government has thereby made unavailable the best evidence of what was actually overheard. He contends that this, coupled with what he characterizes as a partial and edited version of the overhearing represented by the portion of the log and the portion of the "airtel" to which he was given access, and the piecemeal disclosures of the eavesdropping, demonstrates that there has been no adequate showing on the part of the government that this is the total of the eavesdropping and that the evidence presented on trial is untainted. We disagree.

Appellant's argument based on the erasure of the original tape recording of overhearings by re-use of the tapes after logs had been prepared therefrom was also made on the earlier appeal herein, and it was rejected by this Court. United States v. Balistrieri, 7 Cir., 403 F.2d 472, 476-477. Such an argument was again rejected in United States v. Mirro, 7 Cir., 435 F.2d 839 (Opinion filed December 15, 1970) where the following observation, here pertinent, was made:

"Neither does the fact that the original tapes were destroyed render the available evidence on the transcribed logs inadequate. It is the general practice of the F.B.I. to use logs rather than tapes in its investigations. The tapes are usually erased or destroyed after their transcription into logs. There was no evidence at the hearing that this method of transcription lacked authenticity."

And, the additional consideration to which appellant makes reference — the piecemeal disclosures ¹— attests to the government's sincerity in making a full and complete disclosure rather than an attempt to frustrate appellant in obtaining a total truthful discovery of the extent and substance of unlawful eavesdropping with respect to which he has standing to object. Moreover, when the Supreme Court remanded this case for further proceedings in the light of Alderman and Giordano it did not, in our judgment, extend an invitation to the District Court, or to this Court, to fashion and apply a more drastic remedy — reversal of conviction and dismissal of the indictment — for unlawful eavesdropping. As we observed in United States v. Mirro, supra, "We are bound to follow * * * and will...