United States v. Hinds County School Board, 28030
| Decision Date | 07 November 1969 |
| Docket Number | No. 28030,28042.,28030 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. HINDS COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 4075(J)) Buford A. LEE et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellant, v. Milton EVANS, Third-Party Defendant-Appellee. (Civil Action No. 2034(H)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KEMPER COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1373(E)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NORTH PIKE COUNTY CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 3807(J)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NATCHEZ SPECIAL MUNICIPAL SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1120(W)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MARION COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 2178(H)) Joan ANDERSON et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, United States of America, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellant, v. The CANTON MUNICIPAL SCHOOL DISTRICT et al. and the Madison County School District et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 3700(J)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOUTH PIKE COUNTY CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 3984(J)) Beatrice ALEXANDER et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. HOLMES COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 3779(J)) Roy Lee HARRIS et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The YAZOO COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1209(W)) John BARNHARDT et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. MERIDIAN SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1300(E)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NESHOBA COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1396(E)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NOXUBEE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1372(E)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LAUDERDALE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1367(E)) Dian HUDSON et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, United States of America, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellant, v. LEAKE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 3382(J)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COLUMBIA MUNICIPAL SEPARATE SCHOOL et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 2199(H)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMITE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 3983(J)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COVINGTON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 2148(H)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LAWRENCE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 2216(H)) Jeremiah BLACKWELL, Jr., et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. ISSAQUENA COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1096(W)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILKINSON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1160(W)) Charles KILLINGSWORTH et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The ENTERPRISE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT and Quitman Consolidated School District, Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1302(E)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LINCOLN COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 4292(J)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PHILADELPHIA MUNICIPAL SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 1368(E)) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. FRANKLIN COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees. (Civil Action No. 4256(J)) |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit |
David D. Gregory, Atty., U. S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., Robert Hauberg, U. S. Atty., Jackson, Miss., David L. Norman, Deputy Asst. Atty. Gen., Robert T. Moore, Robert A. Murphy, U. S. Dept. of Justice, Civil Rights Div., Washington, D. C., Reuben V. Anderson, Fred L. Banks, Jr., Melvyn Leventhal, Jackson, Miss., Norman Chachkin, Jack Greenberg, Jonathan Shapiro, New York City, for appellant.
Robert C. Cannada, John M. Putnam, Jackson, Miss., M. M. Roberts, James H. C. Thomas, Jr., Howard L. Patterson, Jr., Hattiesburg, Miss., Thomas H. Watkins, Jackson, Miss., L. P. Spinks, Jr., DeKalb, Miss., John Gordon Roach, McComb, Miss., R. Brent Forman, Natchez, Miss., Richard D. Foxworth, Philip Singley, Columbia, Miss., Robert Goza, W. S. Cain, Joe R. Fancher, Jr., Canton, Miss., Aubrey A. Calhoun, Mt. Olive, Miss., Robert S. Reeves, McComb, Miss., Thad Leggett, III, Magnolia, Miss., William B. Compton, Robert B. Deen, Jr., Meridian, Miss., Herman Alford, Laurel G. Weir, Philadelphia, Miss., Ernest L. Brown, Macon, Miss., Harold W. Davidson, Carthage, Miss., Maurice Dantin and Wm. C. Callender, Columbia, Miss., J. D. Gordon, Liberty, Miss., William D. Adams, John K. Keyes, Collins, Miss., Cary C. Bass, Jr., Monticello, Miss., A. F. Summer, Atty. Gen. of Miss., Jackson, Miss., Charles Clark, Cox, Dunn & Clark, Reuben Anderson, Jackson, Miss., Herman C. Glazier, Jr., J. Wesley Miller, Rolling Fork, Miss., Richard T. Watson, Woodville, Miss., Henry W. Hobbs, Jr., Brookhaven, Miss., Charles H. Herring, Meadville, Miss., Calvin R. King, Durant, Miss., G. Milton Case, Canton, Miss., Thomas H. Campbell, Jr., Walter R. Bridgforth, John C. Satterfield, Yazoo City, Miss., James S. George, Monticello, Miss., Will S. Wells, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jackson, Miss., J. E. Smith, Carthage, Miss., Helen McDade, DeKalb, Miss., Robert E. Covington, Jr., Tally D. Riddell, Quitman, Miss., W. W. Hewitt, Meadville, Miss., for appellees.
Before BELL, THORNBERRY and MORGAN, Circuit Judges.
These cases, consolidated for order, are here for disposition in light of the decision of the Supreme Court in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, 396 U.S. 19, 90 S.Ct. 29, 24 L. Ed.2d 19, dated October 29, 1969. They involve 30 school districts in the Southern District of Mississippi. Suits to disestablish the dual school system were brought against fourteen of the school districts by private litigants: Anguilla, Canton, Enterprise, Holly Bluff, Holmes, Leake, Madison, Meridian, North Pike, Quitman, Sharkey-Issaquena, Wilkinson, Yazoo City, and Yazoo County. The suits with respect to the other sixteen school districts were government initiated.
The scope of the problem of converting from dual to unitary school systems in these districts may be seen from the following tables which reflect racial composition.
GROUP I
WHITE NEGRO
SYSTEM STUDENTS STUDENTS
Amite 1461 2582
Anguilla Line 214 906
Canton Municipal 1326 3672
Hinds 6438 7489
Holly Bluff 240 483
Holmes 913 5355
Kemper 793 2060
Madison 1238 3376
Natchez-Adams 4494 5927
Noxubee County 872 3573
Sharkey-Issaquena 630 2002
South Pike 1135 2156
Wilkinson 779 2757
Yazoo County 1071 2495
GROUP II
Enterprise 405 363
Franklin 1094 1075
Leake 2088 2224
North Pike 697 605
Quitman 1656 1490
Yazoo City 2014 2089
GROUP III
Columbia City 1538 896
Covington 1998 1629
Forrest 4195 1062
Lauderdale 3063 1858
Lawrence 1942 1277
Lincoln 1671 1018
Marion 2064 1564
Meridian 6418 4405
Neshoba 2045 877
Philadelphia 969 548
It is ordered, adjudged and decreed, effective immediately that "the school districts here involved may no longer operate a dual school system based on race or color" and each district is to operate henceforth, pursuant to the terms hereof, as a unitary school system within which no person is "effectively excluded from any school because of race or color." Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, supra.
To effectuate the conversion of these school systems to unitary school systems within the context of the order of the Supreme Court in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, it is ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the permanent plans as distinguished from the interim plans prepared by the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, filed hereto and marked as Appendices 1 through 30 shall be immediately enforced as the plans of the respective systems subject to the following terms, conditions, and exceptions:
(1) The time between the date hereof and December 31, 1969 shall be utilized in arranging the transfer of faculty, transfer of equipment, supplies and libraries where necessary, the reconstitution of school bus routes where indicated, and in solving other logistical problems which may ensue in effectuating the attached plans. This activity shall commence immediately. The Office of Education plans will result in the transfer of thousands of school children and hundreds of faculty...
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