United States v. Scovil

• Decision Date: 10 January 1955
• Docket Number: No. 35,35
• Citation: 99 L.Ed. 271,348 U.S. 218,75 S.Ct. 244
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Petitioner, v. R. P. SCOVIL et al
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

348 U.S. 218

75 S.Ct. 244

99 L.Ed. 271

UNITED STATES of America, Petitioner,

v R. P. SCOVIL et al.

No. 35.

Argued Nov. 16, 1954.

Decided Jan. 10, 1955.

Mr.

John R. Benney, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.

Mr. J. D. Todd, Jr., Greenville, S.C., for respondents.

Mr. Justice MINTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

This case involves the relative priority of a landlord's distress for rent under the laws of South Carolina and a lien for unpaid taxes due the United States. The landlord, herein referred to as respondent, on April 7, 1952, filed in the Court of Common Pleas for Greenville County South Carolina, an affidavit setting forth that the Dan Tassey, Inc., was indebted to him for rent and requesting a distress warrant which issued. The master's report shows only that the landlord for past due rent 'proceeded on the 7th day of April, 1952 to distress upon the assets of said corporation for said rent in arrears.' The record does not disclose what was actually done in the distress proceedings. South Carolina Code Annotated, 1952, § 41—151, provides when the affidavit of a landlord is filed the magistrate may issue his distress warrant naming the amount due with costs and deliver the warrant to an officer for service. The officer shall forthwith demand payment (§ 41—153), and if not paid, he shall distrain sufficient property on the rented premises to pay the amount, giving a list of property distrained together with a copy of the distress warrant to the tenant. The distress must be reasonable as to amount of property distrained, on penalty of action for damages (§§ 41—158, 41—159). The tenant has five days in which to put up bond and free the property from the lien of distraint (§ 41—160).

The next day, April 8, 1952, a receiver was appointed for the corporate taxpayer-tenant as an insolvent. All of the assets of the corporation passed to the receiver, who sold them and realized therefrom the fund over which this contest is waged.

For nonpayment of taxes due, the Collector of Internal Revenue received the proper assessment lists in his office on March 19, 1951, May 24, 1951, August 29, 1951, December 3, 1951, February 23, 1952, and February 28, 1952, and notice of these liens thereafter was filed in the proper office in Greenville County, South Carolina, on April 10, 1952. Section 3671 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C.A. § 3671, provides that the lien for such unpaid taxes attaches when the assessment lists are received by the Collector. Therefore, long before the landlord obtained a distress warrant the Government's liens for taxes had attached.

The Supreme Court of South Carolina held that, since the distress warrant was perfected before the receiver was appointed, the landlord's distress lien was superior to the United States' priority created by § 3466, Revised Statutes, 31 U.S.C. § 191, 31 U.S.C.A. § 191. 224 S.C. 233, 78 S.E.2d 277. We granted certiorari, 347 U.S. 974, 75 S.Ct. 785. However, we find it unnecessary to pass upon the effect of that section. We hold that the Government must prevail because of its liens under § 3670, Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C.A. § 3670.

The landlord had a lien other than a mortgage, pledge, or judgment lien. As to all other liens, such as the distress lien in the instant case, § 3672 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C.A. § 3672, affords no protection. United States v. Security Trust & Sav. Bank of San Diego, 340 U.S. 47, 51, 71 S.Ct. 111, 113, 95 L.Ed. 53 (concurring opinion). Cf. United States v. Gilbert Associates, Inc., 345 U.S. 361, 362—365, 73 S.Ct. 701, 702, 703, 704, 97 L.Ed. 1071. Moreover, the...