United Vanguard Fund, Inc. v. TakeCare, Inc.

• Decision Date: 15 April 1997
• Docket Number: 1996,No. 508,508
• Citation: 693 A.2d 1076
• Parties: UNITED VANGUARD FUND, INC., United Funds, Inc., United Science and Technology Fund, United New Concepts Fund, Inc., United Continental Income Fund, Inc., Waddell & Reed Funds, Inc., Growth Fund, The Hillman Foundation, Inc., The Henry L. Hillman Foundation, HCC Investments, Inc., The Henry L. Hillman Trust, The Juliet Lea Hillman Trust, The Audrey Hilliard Hillman Trust, The Henry Lea Hillman Jr. Trust and The William Talbott Hillman Trust, Plaintiffs Below, Appellants, v. TAKECARE, INC., Jack R. Anderson, R. Judd Jessup, Richard M. Burdge, Sr., George E. Bello, Robert W. Jamplis and FHP International Corporation, Defendants Below, Appellees. . Submitted:
• Court: Supreme Court of Delaware

Page 1076

693 A.2d 1076

UNITED VANGUARD FUND, INC., United Funds, Inc., United Science and Technology Fund, United New Concepts Fund, Inc. United Continental Income Fund, Inc., Waddell & Reed Funds Inc., Growth Fund, The Hillman Foundation, Inc., The Henry L. Hillman Foundation, HCC Investments, Inc., The Henry L Hillman Trust, The Juliet Lea Hillman Trust, The Audrey Hilliard Hillman Trust, The Henry Lea Hillman Jr. Trust and The William Talbott Hillman Trust, Plaintiffs Below, Appellants, v. TAKECARE, INC., Jack R. Anderson, R. Judd Jessup, Richard M Burdge, Sr., George E. Bello, Robert W. Jamplis and FHP International Corporation, Defendants Below, Appellees.

No. 508, 1996.

Supreme Court of Delaware.

Submitted: April 15, 1997.

Decided: May 22, 1997.

ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF CHANCERY: REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Michael D. Goldman (Argued), and Stephen C. Norman, Potter Anderson & Corroon, Wilmington; Of Counsel: Theodore Altman, and Michael B. Reuben, Gordon Altman Butowsky Weitzen Shalov & Wein, New York City, for Appellants.

Kenneth J. Nachbar, Morris Nichols Arsht & Tunnell, Wilmington; Of Counsel: Michael Joseph (Argued), and Joseph O. Click (Argued), Dyer Ellis & Joseph, Washington, DC, for Appellees.

Before VEASEY, C.J., and HOLLAND, and HARTNETT, JJ.

HARTNETT, Justice.

This is an appeal from the grant of summary judgment by the Court of Chancery denying an attorney's fee and expenses in a suit that became moot. In reviewing the denial of the fees and expenses, we must consider whether the defendant corporation overcame the presumption that there was a causal connection between the filing of the lawsuit and the alleged subsequent benefit to the corporation's shareholders arising from the suit. We conclude that there are unresolved questions of fact whether the suit conferred any benefit upon the shareholders and, therefore, it was improper for the Court of Chancery to grant summary judgment. Accordingly, we REVERSE and REMAND.

I.

In 1993, TakeCare, Inc. was a Delaware corporation acting as a health maintenance organization. It had been acquired in 1988 by a private investment group including its chairman, Jack R. Anderson, and its largest investor Henry L. Hillman. By 1993 TakeCare had become a public company.

In late 1993, the directors decided that TakeCare should be sold and a search was undertaken for potential acquirors. Initially, two offers were received: an all-stock offer by United HealthCare Corporation ("United") valued at $65 per share and an offer consisting of a mix of cash, preferred stock and common stock by FHP International ("FHP") valued at $62 per share. On January 9, 1994, after debate among the directors as to the merits of each proposal, the Board authorized a letter of intent to accept the offer of FHP.

On January 10, 1994, FHP and TakeCare issued a press release announcing a letter of intent to merge. The press release also stated that a TakeCare stockholder holding 16% of the outstanding shares was opposed to the transaction with FHP.

On January 17, TakeCare received an unsolicited offer from a third bidder, Foundation Health Corporation ("Foundation"), proposing an all-stock transaction valued at $72 per TakeCare share.

The next day, on January 18, 1994, United Vanguard Fund, et. al. ("Vanguard") filed suit in the Court of Chancery seeking to have the letter of intent, which would expire by its terms on February 7, 1994, set aside on the ground that it was preventing a fair auction of TakeCare. Specifically, the complaint alleged that a majority of the directors of FHP had violated their fiduciary duties in approving the letter of intent by agreeing to provisions such as a termination fee, the payment of management bonuses, and an option to purchase Mr. Anderson's shares. ¹ Because of these provisions, it was alleged, the directors had precluded bidders that used a pooling of interests accounting from making competitive bids for TakeCare. ²

On January 21, 1994, a fourth bidder, PacifiCare Health Systems communicated its interest in acquiring TakeCare. On January 30, PacifiCare made an offer of $68.50 per share consisting of cash, common stock, and subordinated debt. On February 7, as bidding by the interested parties continued, the board allowed the January 10 letter of intent to lapse. Proceeding with the auction process, TakeCare asked all of the bidders to submit their final acquisition offer on February 24, 1994. In response, Foundation made an all stock offer valued at $83 per share, but TakeCare decided to enter into a definitive merger agreement with FHP based on its final combined consideration proposal valued at $80 per share. On June 17, 1994, after receiving approval from a majority of the stockholders of both companies, FHP acquired TakeCare.

Both sides conceded in the Court of Chancery that the events subsequent to the filing of the lawsuit by Vanguard rendered the suit moot. Vanguard, however, sought $4.8 million in legal fees and expenses because it contended that its lawsuit caused the bidding price for TakeCare to increase from $62 per share to $80 per share, resulting in a $271 million benefit to the TakeCare shareholders. After considering cross motions for summary judgment, the Court of Chancery ruled that TakeCare had met its burden of showing that the Vanguard lawsuit had no causative effect on the subsequent shareholder benefit arising from the increased tender offer price. It therefore granted TakeCare's motion for summary judgment, dismissed Vanguard's suit and denied Vanguard's fee application. Vanguard's entitlement to $4.8 million in expenses and fees is the sole issue on appeal before this Court.

II.

We review the grant of a summary judgment de novo both as to the facts and the law in order to determine whether or not the undisputed facts entitled the movant to judgment as a matter of law. ³ This analysis requires us to examine the record to determine whether, after viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, the moving party has demonstrated that no material issues of fact are in dispute and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. ⁴

Contrary to TakeCare's assertion, the existence of cross motions for summary judgment does not act per se as a concession that there is an absence of factual issues. Rather, a party moving for summary judgment concedes the absence of a factual issue and the truth of the nonmoving party's allegations only for purposes of its own motion, and does not waive its right to assert that there are disputed facts that preclude summary judgment in favor of the other party. ⁵ Thus, the mere filing of a cross motion for summary judgment does not serve as a waiver of the movant's right to assert the existence of a factual dispute as to the other party's motion.

III.

Delaware courts have long recognized the "common corporate benefit" doctrine as a basis for the reimbursement of attorneys' fees and expenses in corporate litigation. ⁶ Under this doctrine, a litigant who confers a common monetary benefit upon an ascertainable stockholder class is entitled to an award of counsel fees and expenses for its efforts in creating the benefit. ⁷ This doctrine is premised on the theory that "all of the stockholders ... benefited from plaintiffs' action and should have to share in the costs of achieving that benefit." ⁸

In order to be entitled to an award of fees under the corporate benefit doctrine, an applicant must show, as a preliminary matter, that:

(1) the suit was meritorious when filed;

(2) the action producing benefit to the corporation was taken by the defendants before a judicial resolution was achieved; and

(3) the resulting corporate benefit was causally related to the lawsuit. ⁹

The Court of Chancery based its holding solely on the third factor, and therefore found it "unnecessary to address whether the litigation was premature when filed or whether it was meritorious." ¹⁰ Thus, the only finding being appealed is the Court of Chancery's conclusion that "the record establishes clearly that there was no causal relationship between the litigation and receipt by the shareholders of greater consideration finally than that contemplated at the time of the limited no shop agreement." ¹¹

Where, as here, a corporate defendant, after a complaint is filed, takes action that renders the claims asserted in the complaint moot, Delaware law imposes on it the burden of persuasion to show that no causal connection existed between the initiation of the suit and any later benefit to the shareholders. ¹² This rebuttable presumption exists because it is the "defendant, and not the plaintiff, who is in a position to know the reasons, events and decisions leading up to the defendant's action." ¹³ Defendants, therefore, have the burden of rebutting the presumption by demonstrating that the lawsuit "did not in any way cause their action." ¹⁴ On a motion for summary judgment, a defendant's burden is particularly heavy, because it must show on undisputed facts that the assertions of the lawsuit had no causative effect on the subsequent benefit. ¹⁵

IV.

Vanguard's primary claim is that the Court of Chancery...