USA v. Quintanilla

• Decision Date: 04 April 2000
• Docket Number: No. 99-3740,99-3740
• Citation: 218 F.3d 674
• Parties: (7th Cir. 2000) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Armando QUINTANILLA, Defendant-Appellant
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Page 674

218 F.3d 674 (7th Cir. 2000)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Armando QUINTANILLA, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 99-3740

In the United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit

Submitted April 4, 2000^*

Decided June 26, 2000

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois. No. 97 CR 40075--William L. Beatty, Judge.

Before COFFEY, ROVNER and DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judges.

COFFEY, Circuit Judge.

On December 3, 1997, a federal grand jury sitting in the Southern District of Illinois returned a one-count indictment charging Armando Quintanilla with being a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. sec. 922(g)(1). After the jury returned a guilty verdict, the trial judge sentenced Quintanilla to 87 months' imprisonment, a fine of $3,500, a $50 special assessment, and three years' supervised release. On appeal, Quintanilla argues that the judge erroneously denied his motion to suppress the evidence recovered from his home. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Although Quintanilla is appealing federal gun charges, the genesis of the investigation of this case occurred in 1995 after the defendant and a man named John Smith went to the Chicago, Illinois, area to purchase marijuana on February 17, 1995. According to Smith, when the two men returned from Chicago to Johnson City, Illinois, Smith left the marijuana shipment in the trunk of a vehicle parked on his father's property. On February 18, 1995, Smith discovered that the trunk of the car had been pried open and the marijuana had been stolen; Quintanilla suspected that Smith had stolen the narcotics.

When Quintanilla arrived at Smith's father's house, he began yelling, as well as kicking, striking, and pulling Smith's hair. Smith was then blindfolded and taken to another location, tied to the plumbing in a basement, and beaten by Quintanilla and two other men. Smith was kept there overnight and then transported back to Quintanilla's house, tied up, beaten with fire place tools by Quintanilla, and forced to sleep in a bathtub.

On February 21, 1995, Smith was able to escape from Quintanilla's moving vehicle and run to Mabry's Auto Body Garage in Pershing, Illinois. When Franklin County, Illinois, Sheriffs arrived at Mabry's, they found Smith, in a state of near hysteria, with his eyes swollen and discolored, and his forehead and face marked by numerous cuts and bruises. There were also marks, cuts, and bruises on his body.

After investigating the kidnaping, the Sheriff's department obtained an arrest warrant for Quintanilla and his wife, as well as a search warrant for their residence. The warrant for the residence included all outbuildings and vehicles located on the property, and authorized, in part, the search for Smith's blood, fireplace tools used to beat Smith, marijuana, and firearms.¹ The complaint included a report of Deputy Don Jones regarding his interview with Smith after he was kidnaped, and also stated that another law enforcement officer knew that the defendant maintained a number of dogs on the premises. Based on the exigencies set out in the complaint, the issuing judge waived the customary knock and announce requirements.

On February 21, 1995, law enforcement officers went to the defendant's residence to execute the arrest and search warrants. As the officers approached the house, Quintanilla and his wife came to the front door to meet them. As they appeared in the doorway, the couple was advised that they were under arrest.

After the defendant and his wife were arrested, the residence was searched. While Master Sergeant John Lewis of the Illinois State Police was searching an area of the property near the swimming pool, he discovered a .357 magnum revolver wrapped in a plastic bag and hidden inside the cover of the swimming pool.² Additionally a box of ammunition, including spent rounds, was found in the master bedroom.

On April 28, 1999, the defendant moved to suppress the firearm and plastic bag discovered at his residence on the grounds that the search warrant was: 1) overly broad; and 2) not supported by probable cause. After a hearing, the trial judge denied Quintanilla's motion to suppress, and on May 13, 1999, the jury returned a guilty verdict. As mentioned before, the judge sentenced the defendant to 87 months' imprisonment, to run consecutive to the Illinois state prison term he was (and is) currently serving for the aggravated kidnaping and battery of Smith. Quintanilla appeals.

II. ISSUES

On appeal, the defendant challenges the denial of his motion to suppress, arguing that the search warrant was unsupported by probable cause. Quintanilla also raises, for the first time on appeal, a challenge to the warrant's "no-knock" authorization. Finally, Quintanilla claims that the government failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he was guilty.

III. ANALYSIS

A. Probable Cause

With respect to Quintanilla's claim that the warrant was unsupported by probable cause, we review questions of law de novo and questions of fact for clear error. See Ornelas v. United States, 517 U.S. 690, 698 (1996). We have held that "[b]ecause the resolution of a motion to suppress is necessarily fact-specific, we give special deference to the district court that heard the testimony and observed the witnesses at the suppression hearing." United States v. Sholola, 124 F.3d 803, 811 (7th Cir. 1997).³ Furthermore,

[a] magistrate's determination of probable cause is to be given considerable weight and should be overruled only when the supporting affidavit, read as a whole in a realistic and common sense manner, does not allege specific facts and circumstances from which the magistrate could reasonably conclude that the items sought to be seized are associated with the crime and located in the place indicated.

United States v. Spry, 190 F.3d 829, 835 (7th Cir. 1999), cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 967 (2000) (internal quotations and citations omitted). Finally, we must keep in mind that doubtful cases should be resolved in favor of upholding the warrant. See id. (citations omitted).

In this case, the officers had information from a confidential source (CS) which revealed that Quintanilla had firearms and marijuana at his residence. The CS also told police that the guns and narcotics were in close proximity to each other and that the firearms were used to protect the drugs. This CS had given the police reliable information in the past and had provided the above information a week before the warrant was issued. See generally Spry, 190 F.3d at 836; United States v. McNeese, 901 F.2d 585, 596-97 (7th Cir. 1990).

The defendant claims that this information is insufficient to establish probable cause for the issuance of the warrant dealing with the possession of firearms and narcotics on the premises. See United States v. Fairchild, 940 F.2d 261, 264-65 (7th Cir. 1991). However, for obvious reasons Quintanilla ignores the other information presented to the magistrate judge.

In addition to the facts described above, the police also provided the magistrate with the three-page report of Captain Don Jones concerning the kidnaping and beating of Smith by Quintanilla. As described previously, the report detailed the circumstances surrounding Smith's abduction and severe beatings at the hands of Quintanilla because the defendant suspected that Smith had stolen marijuana from him. Additionally, the request for the warrant included a picture of Smith, battered and bruised, after the arduous ordeal he was subjected to by Quintanilla. The report also noted that Smith's father and Smith's father's girlfriend witnessed the initial attack and kidnaping of Smith by Quintanilla, thereby providing additional support for Smith's version of events.

Given the totality of the information contained in the record, we are convinced that the magistrate's authorization to search for marijuana and firearms was proper. See Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 (1983);⁴ see also United States v. Reddrick, 90 F.3d 1276, 1281 (7th Cir. 1996); United States v. Henry, 933 F.2d 553, 557 (7th Cir. 1991). Quintanilla's arguments to the contrary are without merit.

B. No-Knock Provision

Because Quintanilla failed to raise the issue of the "no-knock" provision in his motion to suppress, we review his claim that the inclusion of such a provision in the warrant violated his constitutional rights for "cause." See United States v. Evans, 131 F.3d 1192, 1193 (7th Cir. 1997); see also United States v. Wilson, 115 F.3d 1185, 1190 (4th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 1588 (1999); United States v. Howard, 998 F.2d 42, 52 (2d Cir. 1993); Doganiere v. United States, 914 F.2d 165, 167 (9th Cir. 1990). And we have held that "'[c]ause' is a more stringent standard than the plain error standard . . . ." Evans, 131 F.3d at 1193.

Although it is the appellant's burden to establish "cause" for his failure to raise the no-knock issue in a motion to suppress, Quintanilla's brief fails to even suggest a reason for the failure. Instead, the appellant's brief is devoted to the applicability of two Illinois Supreme Court cases, People v. Krueger, 675 N.E.2d 604 (Ill. 1996) and People v. Wright, 697 N.E.2d 693 (Ill. 1998), to the "no-knock" provision in the warrant.

As we stated in United States v. Gambrell, 178 F.3d 927, 928 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 281 (1999), neither of the two cases the appellant relies upon "has any practical effect on our decision today." Instead, it is axiomatic that "federal standards control the admissibility of evidence in a federal prosecution even though the evidence was seized by state officials and would not be admissible in state court." United States v. Singer, 943 F.2d 758, 761 (7th Cir. 1991). It is also clear that "no-knock" entries are permissible under federal law. See Richards v. Wisconsin, 520 U.S. 385, 394 (1997).

Furthermore, the testimony in this case reveals that the officers were...