Victory State Bank v. Emba Hylan, LLC

• Decision Date: 20 February 2019
• Docket Number: Index No. 101223/15, 2017–09831,2017–09830
• Parties: VICTORY STATE BANK, Appellant, v. EMBA HYLAN, LLC, Defendant, Staten Island Executive Plaza, LLC, et al., Respondents.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

169 A.D.3d 963

95 N.Y.S.3d 97

VICTORY STATE BANK, Appellant,

v. EMBA HYLAN, LLC, Defendant, Staten Island Executive Plaza, LLC, et al., Respondents.

2017–09830

2017–09831

Index No. 101223/15

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.

Argued-September 17, 2018

February 20, 2019

Howard M. File, Esq., P.C., Staten Island, NY, for appellant.

Menicucci Villa Cilmi PLLC, Staten Island, N.Y. (Brendan T. Lantry of counsel), for respondents.

ALAN D. SCHEINKMAN, P.J., RUTH C. BALKIN, SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, HECTOR D. LASALLE, JJ.

DECISION & ORDER

In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for breach of contract, the plaintiff appeals from (1) an order of the Supreme Court, Richmond County (Desmond A. Green, J.), dated March 31, 2017, and (2) an order of the same court dated August 11, 2017. The order dated March 31, 2017, insofar as appealed from, granted those branches of the motion of the defendants Staten Island Executive Plaza, LLC, Raymond Masucci, Jeffrey Potter, Genesis Partners, LLC, Anthony Maltese, Fred LaMarca, and Andrew Masucci which were pursuant to CPLR 3211(a) to dismiss the first cause of action insofar as asserted against them and the sixth cause of action insofar as asserted against the defendants Raymond Masucci, Jeffrey Potter, Genesis Partners, LLC, Anthony Maltese, Fred LaMarca, and Andrew Masucci. The order dated August 11, 2017, insofar as appealed from, upon reargument, adhered to so much of the original determination in the order dated March 31, 2017, as granted those branches of the motion of those defendants.

ORDERED that the appeal from the order dated March 31, 2017, is dismissed, without costs or disbursements, as the portions of the order appealed from were superseded by the order dated August 11, 2017, made upon reargument; and it is further,

ORDERED that the order dated August 11, 2017, is modified, on the law, by deleting the provision thereof, upon reargument, adhering to so much of the original determination in the order dated March 31, 2017, as granted that branch of the motion of the defendants Staten Island Executive Plaza, LLC, Raymond Masucci, Jeffrey Potter, Genesis Partners, LLC, Anthony Maltese, Fred LaMarca, and Andrew Masucci which was pursuant to CPLR 3211(a) to dismiss the first cause of action insofar as asserted against the defendant Staten Island Executive Plaza, LLC, and substituting therefor a provision, upon reargument, vacating that portion of the original determination and, thereupon, denying that branch of the motion; as so modified, the order dated August 11, 2017, is affirmed insofar as appealed from, without costs or disbursements.

The plaintiff commenced this action, inter alia, to recover damages for breach of contract and for specific performance against the defendants EMBA Hylan, LLC (hereinafter EMBA), Staten Island Executive Plaza, LLC (hereinafter SIEP), and Raymond Masucci, Jeffrey Potter, Genesis Partners, LLC, Anthony Maltese, Fred LaMarca, and Andrew Masucci (hereinafter collectively the individual defendants). This action arises out of the alleged breach of a commercial lease agreement dated January 9, 2012, between the plaintiff and SIEP (hereinafter the lease) concerning the construction of a bank building on commercial real property located in Staten Island (hereinafter the premises). The individual defendants are members of SIEP and were not parties to the lease.

SIEP and the individual defendants moved pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1) and (7) to dismiss the complaint insofar as asserted against them. In an order dated March 31, 2017, the Supreme Court, inter alia, granted those branches of the motion which were to dismiss the first cause of action, seeking specific performance, insofar as asserted against SIEP and the individual defendants, and the sixth cause of action, alleging breach of contract, insofar as asserted against the individual defendants. The court denied that branch of the motion which was to dismiss the sixth cause of action insofar as asserted against SIEP. The plaintiff moved, inter alia, for leave to reargue its opposition to the motion of SIEP and the individual defendants. In an order dated August 11, 2017, the court granted leave to reargue and, upon reargument, inter alia, adhered to so much of its original determination as granted those branches of the prior motion which were to dismiss the first cause of action insofar as asserted against SIEP and the individual defendants and the sixth cause of action insofar as asserted against the individual defendants. The plaintiff appeals.

On a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7), the pleading must be afforded a liberal construction, the facts alleged are presumed to be true, the plaintiff is afforded the benefit of every favorable inference, and the court is to determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory, without regard to whether the allegations ultimately can be established (see Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511 ; JGK Indus., LLC v. Hayes N.Y. Bus., LLC, 145 A.D.3d 979, 980, 45 N.Y.S.3d 479 ; Quinones v. Schaap, 91 A.D.3d 739, 740, 937 N.Y.S.2d 262 ). Whether "the complaint will later survive a motion for summary judgment, or whether the plaintiff will ultimately be able to prove its claims, of course, plays no part in the determination of a prediscovery CPLR 3211 motion to dismiss" ( Shaya B. Pac., LLC v. Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz, Edelman & Dicker, LLP, 38 A.D.3d 34, 38, 827 N.Y.S.2d 231 ; see Mirro v. City of New York, 159 A.D.3d 964, 966, 74 N.Y.S.3d 356 ).

"To succeed on a motion to dismiss based upon documentary evidence pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1), the documentary evidence must utterly refute the plaintiff's factual allegations, conclusively establishing a defense as a matter of law" ( Gould v. Decolator, 121 A.D.3d 845, 847, 994 N.Y.S.2d 368 ; see Goshen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 98 N.Y.2d 314, 326, 746 N.Y.S.2d 858, 774 N.E.2d 1190 ). To qualify as documentary evidence, the evidence "must be unambiguous and of undisputed authenticity" ( Fontanetta v. John Doe 1, 73 A.D.3d 78, 86, 898 N.Y.S.2d 569 ; see Flushing Sav. Bank, FSB v. Siunykalimi, 94 A.D.3d 807, 808, 941 N.Y.S.2d 719 ). Judicial records, as well as documents reflecting out-of-court transactions such as mortgages, deeds, contracts, and any other papers, the contents of which are essentially undeniable, would qualify as documentary evidence in the proper case (see Datena v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, 73 A.D.3d 683, 685, 901 N.Y.S.2d 290 ; Fontanetta v. John Doe 1, 73 A.D.3d at 84–85, 898 N.Y.S.2d 569 ).

"The essential elements of a breach of contract cause of action are ‘the existence of a contract, the plaintiff's performance pursuant to the contract, the defendant's breach of his or her contractual obligations, and damages resulting from the breach’ " ( Canzona v. Atanasio, 118 A.D.3d 837, 838, 989 N.Y.S.2d 44, quoting Dee v. Rakower, 112 A.D.3d 204, 208–209, 976 N.Y.S.2d 470 ).

We agree with the Supreme Court's determination, upon reargument, to adhere to its prior determination granting that branch of the motion of SIEP and the individual defendants which was to dismiss the sixth cause of action, alleging breach of contract, insofar as asserted against the individual defendants, who were not parties to the lease and who are not in contractual privity with the plaintiff. One cannot be held liable under a contract to which he or she is not a party (see 1911 Richmond Ave. Assoc., LLC v. G.L.G. Capitol, LLC, 90 A.D.3d 627, 627, 933 N.Y.S.2d 899 ; Black Car & Livery Ins., Inc. v. H & W Brokerage, Inc., 28 A.D.3d 595, 596, 813 N.Y.S.2d 751 ; Blank v. Noumair, 239 A.D.2d 534, 534, 658 N.Y.S.2d 88 ). Here, the documentary evidence submitted by SIEP and the individual defendants in support of their motion, i.e., the lease, fatally undermines the plaintiff's contention that the individual defendants should be held personally liable in connection with a contract to which they were not parties (see Fontanetta v. John Doe 1, 73 A.D.3d at 84–85, 898 N.Y.S.2d 569 ). There is no dispute that the individual defendants were not personally or individually signatories or parties to the lease, which unambiguously states that the plaintiff and SIEP are the only parties thereto, and the individual defendants were not parties to any contract with the...