Walker v. Virtual Packaging, LLC, A97A0960

• Decision Date: 15 October 1997
• Docket Number: No. A97A0960,A97A0960
• Citation: 229 Ga.App. 124,493 S.E.2d 551
• Parties: , 97 FCDR 3839 WALKER et al. v. VIRTUAL PACKAGING, LLC et al.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

Page 551

493 S.E.2d 551

229 Ga.App. 124, 97 FCDR 3839

WALKER et al. v. VIRTUAL PACKAGING, LLC et al.

No. A97A0960.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

Oct. 15, 1997.

Reconsideration Denied Nov. 4, 1997.

John T. Longino, Ellijay, for appellants.

Mitchell & Mitchell, Dalton, James H. Bisson III, Witt, Gather & Whitaker, Jonathan M. Minnen, Atlanta, for appellees.

RUFFIN, Judge.

Paul Walker and other plaintiffs (collectively "Walker Plaintiffs") sued The Color Studio, LLC ("TCS"), Virtual Packaging, LLC ("Virtual"), and Thomas Sucher to dissolve TCS and to recover damages for breach of contract for and breach of fiduciary duty. The defendants moved for partial summary judgment on the ground that the Walker Plaintiffs could not recover damages for breaches of contractual obligations that exclusively benefited TCS. The trial court granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment, and the Walker Plaintiffs appeal. For reasons which follow, we affirm in part and reverse in part.

"To prevail at summary judgment under OCGA § 9-11-56, the moving party must demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the undisputed facts, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, warrant judgment as a matter of law. OCGA § 9-11-56(c). A defendant may do this by showing the court that the documents, affidavits, depositions and other evidence in the record reveal that there is no evidence sufficient to create a jury issue on at least one essential element of plaintiff's case." (Emphasis omitted.) Lau's Corp. v. Haskins, 261 Ga. 491, 405 S.E.2d 474 (1991). Our review is de novo. Bandy v. Mills, 216 Ga.App. 407, 454 S.E.2d 610 (1995).

Viewed in the light most favorable to the Walker Plaintiffs, the record shows that they are the original individual members of TCS, which was a Georgia limited liability company. Defendant Virtual purchased a 50 percent membership interest in TCS from the Walker Plaintiffs and entered into an agreement ("Members' Agreement") regarding the reconstituted limited liability company. The Members' Agreement included a non-competition covenant, which provided that TCS's members could not "solicit, contact, call upon, communicate with or attempt to communicate with any employee of [TCS], with a view to soliciting said employee to either leave [TCS's] employment or to become employed by [TCS's competition]."

TCS's members also signed an operating agreement ("Operating Agreement") controlling the management and operations of TCS. As part of this agreement, the parties chose defendant Thomas Sucher, a member of Virtual, to manage TCS. The Operating Agreement placed certain limitations on Sucher's authority as manager. For example, according to the Operating Agreement, Sucher could not, "without the express consent" of one of the Walker Plaintiffs, Daniel L. Sessions, execute assignments on behalf of TCS.

When disputes between the Walker Plaintiffs and the defendants arose concerning TCS's operations, it became impossible for TCS's members to continue the company in conformity with the Operating Agreement. The Walker Plaintiffs therefore sued to dissolve TCS and to recover damages for breach of contract. As the basis for their breach of contract claim, the Walker Plaintiffs asserted that Virtual and Sucher solicited TCS's employees in violation of the non-competition covenant in the Members' Agreement. They also pleaded breach of fiduciary duty as follows: "Defendant Sucher individually and on behalf of Defendant Virtual breached the non-compete agreement regarding solicitation of [TCS] employees, breached his fiduciary duty to plaintiffs, breached paragraph 3 of the Operating Agreement and has otherwise violated the letter and spirit of the agreements among the parties." Afterwards, the Walker Plaintiffs filed amended complaints further alleging that "Defendants breached their fiduciary duty to Plaintiffs to Plaintiffs' damage." The factual basis of the claim for breach of fiduciary is unclear from the record.

The parties subsequently entered a consent order ("Consent Order") dissolving TCS and reserving for resolution the issues involving breach of the non-competition covenant, breach of fiduciary duty, and an accounting in connection with the dissolution of TCS. Thereafter, the defendants moved for summary judgment on the Walker Plaintiffs' claim for breach of the non-competition covenant, contending that no issue of damages remained after the dissolution of TCS. The defendants argued that the Walker Plaintiffs were not beneficiaries of the contract, and "[i]n order for a third party to have standing to enforce the contract it must clearly appear from the contract that it was intended for his or her benefit." The Walker Plaintiffs responded and also filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. They argued that "if [TCS] were to still exist, any claim ... would be in the form of a derivative action[,]" but when TCS was dissolved, it assigned its causes of actions for damages to the individual members of the company. (Emphasis supplied.)

The trial court granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment and denied the Walker Plaintiffs' cross-motion. In its order, the trial court found as follows: (1) the Walker Plaintiffs were claiming damages derivatively, as former members of TCS, as a result of the alleged breach of the Members' Agreement by Virtual and Sucher; (2) the Members' Agreement was for the sole benefit of TCS; (3) the Walker Plaintiffs were not third party beneficiaries of the Members' Agreement; (4) there is no provision in the Georgia Limited Liability Company Act that would permit a cause of action belonging to a limited liability company under these circumstances to survive the dissolution of the company; and (5) the Walker Plaintiffs provided no evidence that Virtual or Sucher competed with TCS before the court-ordered winding up of the company. The trial court concluded that "since [TCS] could not conduct business [after the dissolution], there was no entity with standing to enforce the [non-competition covenant in the] Members' Agreement."

The Walker Plaintiffs appeal the grant of the defendants' motion for summary judgment, asserting that a material issue of fact remains concerning their claim for breach of the non-competition covenant. In addition, the Walker Plaintiffs allege error because the trial court did not consider their claim for breach of fiduciary duty when ruling on the summary judgment motions.

1. We first address the Walker Plaintiffs' argument that the trial court erred in not considering the breach of fiduciary duty counts of the amended complaints in its ruling. The trial court's Order does not refer to the Walker Plaintiffs' claim for breach of fiduciary duty. Therefore, the trial court implicitly ruled on and granted summary judgment on this issue by not specifically reserving that claim when the court granted the defendants' summary judgment motion. Walker and Virtual neither raised the issue of breach of fiduciary duty in their respective motions, nor later amended their motions to include such a claim. Moreover, our review of the record shows that neither party provided the trial court with a statement of undisputed material facts regarding the claim for breach of fiduciary duty. In addition, on appeal, the defendants do not dispute the Walker Plaintiffs' assertion that "the trial court erred in failing to consider the breach of fiduciary duty counts of the Amended Complaints in its ruling." As a result, that issue was not properly raised and the trial court should not have ruled on it. See Aycock v. Calk, 222 Ga.App. 763, 764, 476 S.E.2d 274 (1996). Accordingly, the trial court's order granting summary judgment to the defendants is reversed to the extent that it includes a ruling which precludes the Walker Plaintiffs' breach of fiduciary duty claims.

2. The Walker Plaintiffs also assert that the trial court erred in ruling on the issue of whether "Virtual or Sucher competed with Color[.]" Like the breach of fiduciary duty claim, that issue was not before the trial court. Therefore, we also reverse the trial court's judgment with regard to that ruling. See Aycock, supra.

3. We next consider the various standing theories raised by the Walker Plaintiffs and the trial court to determine if they are meritorious. First, the Walker Plaintiffs contend that TCS, in the Consent Order, implicitly assigned to them its right to sue for the breach of the non-competition covenant. To support this contention, the Walker Plaintiffs rely on language in the Consent Order that distributes, pro rata, the assets of TCS to its members and reserves any unresolved disputes left in this civil action after the dissolution of TCS.

Specifically, the Walker Plaintiffs stated their argument in the trial court as follows: "Since the parties expressly reserved this claim unless it was disposed of by the Consent Order and since the Consent Order specifically did not...