Walker v. Walthall, 1

• Decision Date: 18 December 1978
• Docket Number: No. 1,CA-CIV,1
• Citation: 121 Ariz. 121,588 P.2d 863
• Parties: , 25 UCC Rep.Serv. 918 Allen WALKER and Jacque Walker, husband and wife, d/b/a Chino Trading Company, Appellants Cross-Appellees, v. Bruce O. WALTHALL and Rebecca Walthall, husband and wife, Appellees Cross-Appellants. 3878.
• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals

Page 863

588 P.2d 863

121 Ariz. 121, 25 UCC Rep.Serv. 918

Allen WALKER and Jacque Walker, husband and wife, d/b/a Chino Trading Company, Appellants Cross-Appellees, v. Bruce O. WALTHALL and Rebecca Walthall, husband and wife, Appellees Cross-Appellants.

No. 1 CA-CIV 3878.

Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 1, Department C.

Dec. 18, 1978.

Jensen & Sult by Christopher Jensen, Prescott, for appellants.

Law Offices of Charles Anthony Shaw by Charles Anthony Shaw and Harry M. Lane, Jr., Prescott, for appellees.

OPINION

NELSON, Judge.

This is an appeal from a trial court order granting a summary judgment which affirmed the action of a creditor implementing a self-help repossession under A.R.S. § 44-3149.

The facts are essentially undisputed. Bruce Walthall, appellee-cross appellant (Walthall), purchased a 1971 Buick automobile from Allen Walker, appellant-cross appellee (Walker) on May 14, 1976 by paying a portion of the cost as down payment and agreeing to pay the balance in monthly installments. The parties executed an Installment Sales Security Agreement which provided that the car was Walker's security for the remainder of the car payments. One of the provisions of the agreement required that Walthall maintain insurance on the vehicle "in such amounts, against such risks and with such companies as shall be satisfactory to seller, with loss payable to seller and all policies delivered to seller."

The security agreement further gave the secured party the right to terminate the contract and:

"3. (c) With or without legal process, take possession of said property together with all additional equipment and accessories, where ever the same may be found, using all necessary force to do so, and hold the same. . . . ."

The Walthalls obtained a binder for automobile insurance to begin on May 14, 1976. On July 29, 1976, the insurance company sent a letter to the Walthalls informing them that their insurance had been declined and that other arrangements would have to be made. The insurance company also notified Walker that there was no insurance covering the car. When Walker discovered that Walthall had no current insurance coverage on the vehicle, and therefore had defaulted on one of the terms of the Installment Sales Security Agreement, Walker sought repossession. He obtained the assistance of a deputy sheriff to accompany him to the Walthall home. The deputy, in full uniform, and Walker went to the Walthall home and ultimately obtained Walthall's consent to take possession of the vehicle. The Walthalls subsequently sued the Walkers for unlawful repossession, and the trial court granted the Walkers summary judgment on that action, finding no unlawful repossession. The Walkers were, however, denied their costs of suit and attorney's fees. They brought this appeal to obtain their costs and attorney's fees and the Walthalls have cross-appealed, claiming the summary judgment was improperly granted because the repossession was unlawful. Since we find that the summary judgment granted on the repossession was improper, we need not reach the issue of costs and attorney's fees.

The primary question raised by this appeal is whether the presence of the deputy sheriff in full uniform in this A.R.S. § 44-3149 self-help repossession removed the repossession from the parameters of the statute. We believe that under the facts presented here, it did.

A.R.S. § 44-3149 provides:

" § 44-3149. Secured party's right to take possession after default

Unless otherwise agreed a secured party has on default the right to take possession of the collateral. In taking possession a secured party may proceed without judicial process if this can be done without breach of the peace or may proceed by action. If the security agreement so provides the secured party may require the debtor to assemble the collateral and make it available to the secured party at a place to be designated by the secured party which is reasonably convenient to both parties. Without removal a secured party may render equipment unusable, and may dispose of collateral on the debtor's premises under § 44-3150. Added Laws 1967, Ch. 3, § 5."

Under the Arizona Commercial Code, a secured creditor has the right to use self-help repossession if, and only if, it can be done without a breach of the peace. If that is not possible, the creditor must proceed with judicial action. Uniform Commercial Code and pre-Code cases have extensively analyzed the term "breach of the peace." See J. White and R. Summers, Handbook of the Law Under the Uniform Commercial Code, § 26-6 (1972) and cases cited therein. Generally, however, the facts of each individual case must be evaluated to determine if a breach of the peace has occurred. The two primary guidelines for this inquiry are: (1) whether there was entry by the creditor upon the debtor's premises; and (2) whether the debtor or one acting on his behalf consented to entry and repossession. White & Summers, Supra § 26-6 at 967.

The facts of the case before us indicate that the deputy sheriff accompanied Walker to the Walthall home and that to some extent, the officer's mere presence contributed to Walthall's decision to relinquish possession of the car:

"Q. What was going on in your mind at this point?

WALTHALL: I just wanted to find out what the problem was. I had no intentions of giving up any car or anything else, but you know, I you know, what could I do? I didn't know what to do when there was a Sheriff's deputy standing there and my wife I wouldn't want to get into an argument or fight or anything else with those people standing around.

Q. Did you think that if you resisted you would have been in a fight?

A. Um hmmm.

Q. Bruce, at the time of this repossession with the Sheriff's deputy present and the other people, did you think you had any other course of action than to turn the car over to him at that point?

A. No."

While in this situation the deputy did not take an active role in the repossession, a very similar repossession was effectuated in Stone Machinery Company v. Kessler, 1 Wash.App. 750, 463 P.2d 651 (1970). There, an officer accompanied the secured party to repossess a tractor. The sheriff said "we come over to pick up this tractor." The debtor then said "I told him I was resisting this; there was an action started and I wanted to have a few days to get money together to pay them off." 463 P.2d at 654. The Washington Court of Appeals there indicated that the debtor had the right to resist this repossession and, had he done so, the sheriff and the creditor would have had to retreat. They noted, however, that:

". . . confronted by the sheriff, who announced his intention to participate in the repossession, it was not necessary for Kessler to either threaten violence or offer physical resistance. As stated by the court in Roberts v. Speck, 169 Wash. 613, at 616, 14 P.2d 33 at 34 (1932), citing from Jones on Chattel Mortgages (4th ed.) § 705:

'The mortgagee becomes a trespasser by going upon the premises of the mortgagor, accompanied by a deputy sheriff who has no legal process, but claims to act Colore officii, and taking possession without the active resistance of the mortgagor. To obtain possession under such a show and pretence of authority is to trifle with the obedience of citizens to the law and its officers.' " 463 P.2d at 654.

There, as here, the creditor contended that his sole purpose in having the sheriff present was to prevent Anticipated violence. The court countered this argument as follows:

"The effect, however, was to prevent the defendant Kessler from exercising his right to resist by all lawful and reasonable means a nonjudicial take-over. To put the stamp of approval upon this method of repossession would be to completely circumvent the purpose and intent of the statute.

We hold there is substantial evidence to support the trial court's finding that the unauthorized actions of the sheriff in aid of the plaintiff amounted to constructive force, intimidation and oppression constituting a breach of the peace and conversion of the defendant's tractor." 463 P.2d at 655.

In the instant action we believe the presence of the deputy sheriff and its accompanying intimidation is the same kind of conduct condemned by the Washington court, Supra. The fact that the deputy did not say anything is not significant. Nor is it required that the possessor (Walthall here) actually indicate resistance, either...