Wasson Interests, Ltd. v. Adams

• Decision Date: 03 July 2013
• Docket Number: No. 12–12–00076–CV.,12–12–00076–CV.
• Citation: 405 S.W.3d 971
• Parties: WASSON INTERESTS, LTD., Appellant v. Kelly W. ADAMS and Karen Adams, Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

405 S.W.3d 971

WASSON INTERESTS, LTD., Appellant

v.Kelly W. ADAMS and Karen Adams, Appellees.

No. 12–12–00076–CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas,

Tyler.

July 3, 2013.

Jeffrey R. Pruitt, for Appellant.

Martin R. Bennett, Athens, for Appellee.

Panel consisted of GRIFFITH, J., HOYLE, J., and BASS, Retired J., Twelfth Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment.

OPINION

BILL BASS, Justice.

This is a restrictive covenant case. Defendant and Appellant, Wasson Interests, Ltd. (Wasson), is the owner of a 3.014 acre tract burdened by restriction limiting its use to “residential development only.” The trial court found that Wasson's current use of the property for maintaining hogs and goats and other animals and for the storage of inoperable or unused vehicles was in violation of the restrictive covenant.The court enjoined Wasson from placing or keeping on the property more than one horse per acre or more than three household pets per residential unit. The court also awarded Kelly and Karen Adams (the Adams), $22,000.00 in attorney's fees. In two issues, Wasson challenges the Adams' standing to enforce the restrictions and the sufficiency evidence of supporting the court's finding of violation of the restrictions. We reverse and dismiss for lack of standing.

Background

On January 16, 1962, the City of Jacksonville (City) leased Lot 42 of Block A of Lake Springs Subdivision of Lake Jacksonville to Bill Canino for a term of ninety nine years. The Adams became the assignees of that lease on April 21, 1993.

On November 2, 1983, the City conveyed the 3.014 acre subject tract to M.G. Moore by a general warranty deed that contained the “residential development only” covenant. Wasson became the successor in interest to the subject tract on April 21, 2010. The subject tract is not, and has never been, a part of the Lake Springs Subdivision that includes the lot leased by the Adams and where they reside. The subject tract is across a county road from the subdivision and the Adams' leased lot. The Wasson's 3.014 acres is not part of a residential subdivision or any other type of planned development.

The area where the subject tract is located is rural in character. In the past, the property contained a pecan orchard and a peach orchard. There is no evidence of a residence on the property until January 2009 when Wasson moved a mobile home there. Wasson removed the mobile home when he received complaints that it violated the restrictions on the property. Thereafter, Wasson began putting hogs, goats, and other livestock on the property. He also placed an inoperable 1957 Chevrolet and an old dump truck near the road. At one point Wasson kept sixteen pigs, seven goats, three sheep, two horses, thirty chickens, five guinea fowl, and two peacocks on the 3 .014 acres. The result of this concentration was not only unsightly but evil smelling.

Standing

Wasson contends that the Adams lack standing to enforce the restriction burdening the 3.014 acres. Standing is a threshold question. When the issue is raised, it should be addressed first. Exxon Corp. v. Pluff, 94 S.W.3d 22, 26 (Tex.App.-Tyler 2002, pet. denied.).

Applicable Law

In order for a party to enforce a covenant burdening land against a successor to the party with whom he covenanted, the covenant must run with the land. Wayne Harwell Prop. v. Pan Amer. Logistics, 945 S.W.2d 216, 218 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1997, writ denied). For a covenant to run with the land, the covenant must be made between parties who are in privity of estate at the time the covenant was made, and must be contained in a grant of land or in a grant of some property interest in the land. Id., citing Panhandle & S.F. Ry. v. Wiggins, 161 S.W.2d 501 (Tex.Civ.App.-Amarillo 1942, writ ref'd w.o.m.). Privity of estate between covenanting parties means a mutual or successive relationship exists to the same rights in property. Westland Oil Dev. Corp. v. Gulf Oil, 637 S.W.2d 903, 910–11 (Tex.1992). A restrictive covenant is ordinarily enforceable only by the contracting parties and those in direct privity of estate with the contracting parties. Ski Masters of Texas LLC v. Heinemeyer, 269 S.W.3d 662, 668 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2008, no pet.); see also Davis v. Skipper, 125 Tex. 364, 83 S.W.2d 318, 321–22 (1935); Harwell, 945 S.W.2d at 218. An exception to the general rule exists, although not relevant here. A property owner may subdivide his property into lots and sell the lots to separate grantees, imposing restrictions on the use of each lot or parcel pursuant to a general plan or scheme of development; each grantee may then enforce the restrictions against each other grantee. Lehmann v. Wallace, 510 S.W.2d 675, 680–81 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1974, writ ref'd n.r.e.). The Adams do not claim that their subdivision lot and Wasson's tract are part of a common plan or scheme of development that would give the owners...