Watson v. National Linen Service

• Decision Date: 20 September 1982
• Docket Number: No. 81-5658,81-5658
• Citation: 686 F.2d 877
• Parties: 30 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 107, 30 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 33,050 Wylene WATSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NATIONAL LINEN SERVICE, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

Page 877

686 F.2d 877

30 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 107,

30 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 33,050

Wylene WATSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NATIONAL LINEN SERVICE, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 81-5658.

United States Court of Appeals Eleventh Circuit.

Sept. 20, 1982.

Williams & Milton, Morris W. Milton, St. Petersburg, Fla., for plaintiff-appellant.

Robert J. Martin, Jr., Charles K. Howard, Atlanta, Ga., for defendant-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

Before WISDOM ^*, RONEY and HATCHETT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Wylene Watson appeals a verdict exonerating National Linen Service (National) of violating Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000e et seq., in an action alleging (1) denial of promotion, (2) improper discharge, and (3) refusal to rehire. Because we find the factual findings of the district court clearly erroneous, we reverse and remand.

Wylene Watson, a black female, is an employee of the National Linen Service in Tampa, Florida. She was employed in the laundry department, but her ambition was to become a route operator. Route operators are truck drivers who deliver clean linen to National's customers, pick up soiled linen for return to the plant, and take orders for future deliveries. The Teamsters Union, Local 79, represents the route operators. Watson was a member of Local 218, Laundry, Dry Cleaning and Dye House Workers Union, which represented National's laundry department workers.

National's hiring policies required the company to post a bid sheet in the plant to fill route operator vacancies. By contract, Teamsters Union members had a preference for bidding for a route operator position. If no eligible Teamster Union member bid on the position, National would open bidding to others. Preference was given to National employees over all other applicants. As between two competing National employees, the company based its choice for promotion on merit, rather than seniority.

In July, 1976, Watson applied for a route operator position but was not selected. John Jeffcott, a white male, also applied for this position. This vacancy will hereinafter be referred to as the July vacancy. According to National hiring policies, a non-Teamster applicant must file a separate application for each posted vacancy. Watson contends that although she and Jeffcott allegedly were the finalists for the July position, neither was hired. She further contends that although neither she nor Jeffcott were applicants for the August vacancy, National hired Jeffcott and failed to consider her. National contends, however, that it received applications for the route operator position in July, and narrowed the eleven applicants down to Watson and Jeffcott. National asserts that it selected Jeffcott because he received a more favorable recommendation from his supervisor than did Watson.

Although the company alleged that Watson and Jeffcott were finalists for the July vacancy, the record clearly shows that National selected a black male who had worked as a part-time route operator. When the company advertised a vacancy for an "extra route operator" position in August, 1976, Watson applied by signing the bid sheet. Because bidding was restricted to Teamsters, National struck Watson's name and that of another employee from the bid sheet. Non-Teamsters could apply only if no Teamster bid. A third employee, a non-Teamster, voluntarily removed his name from the sheet. On August 26, 1976, unexpectedly and without explanation, National announced Jeffcott's selection. ¹ Watson then filed a complaint with the Tampa Office of Human Relations, which commenced an investigation.

On February 2, 1977, another route operator position became available. Watson applied and was selected. National discharged her, however, on February 23, 1977, for allegedly improperly servicing a route. National alleged that the dismissal was due to Watson's inability to throw bags of soiled linen onto the truck roof.

The district court determined (1) that National selected Jeffcott to fill the July vacancy because of a more favorable recommendation by his supervisor; (2) that Watson filed her EEOC complaint within the 180 day statutory period; (3) that Watson was discharged for a legitimate business reason, her inability to throw bags onto the roof of the truck; and (4) that National's refusal to rehire Watson was justified because of her poor work history. We must decide whether the district court erred in these findings and conclusions. Because of our view of the record, we need only consider whether Watson suffered an act of discrimination on the selection issue.

The district court's pertinent findings of fact on the issue of selection are:

4. In July, 1976, Plaintiff (Watson) applied in writing for a position as a "route operator." John Jeffcott, a white male and employee of the Defendant and nine individuals who were not then employed by the Defendant also applied for the position.

a. Pursuant to a contract between the Teamsters Union and the Defendant, bidding on a position as a route operator is initially restricted to persons who are members of the Teamsters Union. In July, 1976, Plaintiff was not a member of the Teamsters Union; instead she belonged to Local 218 Laundry, Dry Cleaning and Dye House Workers.

b. Where, as here, a route operator's job is not filled by a member of the Teamsters Union, a notice of vacancy is posted in the laundry areas of the plant.

c. Among non-Teamster applicants, Defendant gives preference in hiring to its own employees. A number of factors are considered by Defendant in selecting among employee-applicants, and seniority is not determinative.

5. Defendant's service supervisor, Walt Hammock, screened the eleven applications for the route operator position and narrowed the field to Plaintiff and Jeffcott. Hammock interviewed both applicants and selected Jeffcott because he had received a positive recommendation from his supervisor while Plaintiff's supervisor had made negative comments concerning her job performance.

6. Defendant awarded the route operator's position to Jeffcott on August 26, 1976. Plaintiff did not become aware that Jeffcott had been formally selected until August 31, 1976.

Under rule 52, Fed.R.Civ.P., the findings of fact of a district court in a Title VII action are weighed against the clearly erroneous standard. Pullman-Standard v. Swint, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.Ct. 1781, 72 L.Ed.2d 66 (1982). Under this standard, the findings of fact of a district court are not to be rejected unless the reviewing court is left with the definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made. Wright v. Western Electric Co., 664 F.2d 959 (5th Cir. 1981). We find the factual findings of the trial court regarding selection to be clearly erroneous under the Pullman-Standard test. This court, upon review of the record, is left with a definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made.

The district court found that Jeffcott, Watson, and nine other non-National employees applied for the route operator position in July. The selection process narrowed the candidates to Jeffcott and Watson. The court further found that National hired Jeffcott for the July position but announced his selection in August, 1976. This finding is clearly erroneous. The record unequivocally establishes that National neither hired Jeffcott nor Watson for the full-time route operator position for which they applied in July, 1976. In fact, National's Tampa manager, Jack Trotter, testified that the...