Weidman v. Ketcham

• Decision Date: 24 May 1938
• Parties: WEIDMAN v. KETCHAM.
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

278 N.Y. 129

15 N.E.2d 426

WEIDMAN

v.KETCHAM.

Court of Appeals of New York.

May 24, 1938.

Action by Lawyer Weidman against Elmer Ketcham to recover damages for libel. From a judgment entered on an order of the Appellate Division, 252 App.Div. 809, 298 N.Y.S. 916, unanimously reversing on the law and facts a judgment of the Trial Term dismissing the complaint, and reinstating a verdict for plaintiff, defendant appeals.

Reversed, and judgment of the Trial Term affirmed. Appeal from Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department.

Clyde H. Proper, of Schoharie, for appellant.

William H. Lynes, of Delanson, for respondent.

RIPPEY, Judge.

This action was brought to recover damages for libel. After a verdict was rendered for plaintiff, a motion by defendant to set it aside was granted and defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint at the close of plaintiff's case and renewed at the close of all the evidence, upon which decision had been reserved, was granted. The Appellate Division reversed the judgment entered for defendant and reinstated the verdict. Defendant does not question here that there was sufficient evidence to warrant the jury to find that the written words constituted a libel. He asserts that there was no evidence of publication, without which no action will lie.

There can be no actionable libel unless the defamatory writing, through some act or the carelessness of the defendant, is read by or otherwise communicated to someone other than the person defamed who understood its meaning and knew to whom it referred. Youmans v. Smith, 153 N.Y. 214, 218,47 N.E. 265;Snyder v. Andrews, 6 Barb. 43, 46;Ostrowe v. Lee, 256 N.Y. 36, 38, 175 N.E. 505; Townshend on Slander and Libel, 4th Ed., § 95; Seelman on the Law of Libel and Slander, § 121. The author may directly publish it. He may read it and give information as to whom it relates to a third party. He may treat the writing in such a way that the natural or reasonably expected result will be that it will come into the hands of a third party before it reaches the person defamed. He might then be required to pay for his improper conduct if the writing is defamatory, malicious, untrue, and not privileged. But if he keeps the writing to himself or communicates it only to the one to whom it relates, there is no publication upon which any suit for damages may be based. Plaintiff set forth in his complaint and attempted to establish at the trial that the libel was published within the meaning of the above (1) at the post office at Schoharie, New York, and (2) at the home of the plaintiff. The question as to whether there was publication at either place was submitted to the jury. It is necessary to consider the testimony in its aspect most favorable to the plaintiff to determine whether or not there was evidence of publication of the libel at either place.

For evidence that the libel was published at the post office, plaintiff must rely on the testimony of the postmaster and that of defendant. If the jury discarded that, there was no evidence concerning the happenings in the post office. The following appeared from their testimony: The defendant was the assistant postmaster at Schoharie, New York. Early in the morning of October 8, 1934, he wrote upon a post card which was addressed to the plaintiff at Esperance, New York, the following words: ‘You want to come and pay for those apples that you have stole out of my orchard or I will have you arrested. Yours, Elmer Ketcham.’ The postmaster was present in the office at the time the writing was done but was from fifteen to eighteen feet from defendant and did not see the writing on the card. No other person was present. Defendant said to the postmaster that he was sending a card to a man who had been in his orchard stealing apples. The postmaster did not see the address on the card and was not told to whom it was to be sent, nor was the name of any person mentioned. Defendant was either told by the postmaster or decided for himself that the card should not be sent through the mail without being inclosed in an envelope. He thereupon procured a stamped envelope, placed the post card in the envelope, sealed the envelope and addressed it to the plaintiff. There is no evidence that the postmaster saw the address on the envelope or knew to whom it was to be sent. Defendant's duties were to make up the mail that left the post office each morning in bundles and put them in the mailbag for delivery. He took the sealed envelope, placed it in a bundle with other mail matter, placed the bundle in a bag for delivery and gave the bag to the carrier. Without evidence that the postmaster knew to whom the defamatory card or its containing envelope was addressed or...