Whelan v. Dacoma Enterprises, Inc.

• Citation: 394 So.2d 506
• Decision Date: 18 February 1981
• Docket Number: No. 78-1285,78-1285
• Parties: Barbara WHELAN, Individually and as mother and natural guardian of Jason Whelan, a minor, on behalf of Barbara Whelan and Jason Whelan, a minor, Appellants, v. DACOMA ENTERPRISES, INC., a Foreign Corporation, Ronald Stewart, Judith Stewart, Norma Poole, Stanley Poole, Michael Glantz and Gretchen Glantz d/b/a St. John's Village, II, Ltd., and Commerce & Industry Insurance Company, an Insurance Corporation, Appellees. /NT4-91.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Florida (US)

Page 506

394 So.2d 506

Barbara WHELAN, Individually and as mother and natural guardian of Jason Whelan, a minor, on behalf of Barbara Whelan and Jason Whelan, a minor, Appellants, v. DACOMA ENTERPRISES, INC., a Foreign Corporation, Ronald Stewart, Judith Stewart, Norma Poole, Stanley Poole, Michael Glantz and Gretchen Glantz d/b/a St. John's Village, II, Ltd., and Commerce & Industry Insurance Company, an Insurance Corporation, Appellees.

No. 78-1285/NT4-91.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District.

Feb. 18, 1981.

Elizabeth J. Gulden of Blackburn, Gibson & Gulden, Orlando, for appellants.

A. Craig Cameron of Gosney, Cameron & Parsons, Daytona Beach, for appellees.

LETTS, GAVIN K., Associate Judge.

At issue here is the extent of a landlord's liability for criminal violence perpetrated against a tenant by a third party who is not an employee, agent or representative of the landlord. The trial judge granted a motion to dismiss the tenant's fourth amended complaint with prejudice because there is "no legal precedent either at common law, by case law, or through statute for the allowance of (such) a cause of action ..." We disagree and reverse.

The complaint alleged that an assailant forced entrance into the tenant's locked apartment, and raped and assaulted her in the presence of her young son who was also assaulted and battered. It was further alleged that the tenant and her son were lessees, ¹ tenants and business invitees upon the premises in question; that the landlord knew, or should have known that for a long period of time prior to this outrage there had been numerous incidents of criminal activity on the premises, including burglaries, breakings and enterings of the dwelling units, and numerous violent crimes against persons occurring both inside and outside the individual units. It is then alleged, inter alia, that the landlord owed the tenant a duty to use ordinary and reasonable care to provide security by furnishing safely constructed doors and reasonably safe locks. The landlord, so it is alleged, undertook to control the security system by forbidding the installation of any locks on the exterior apartment door without the explicit consent of the landlord. Thus, it is alleged that the landlord was in control and responsible for the types and number of locking devices on the doors of the individual dwelling units. Notwithstanding that duty, and in breach thereof, it is alleged that the assailant was able to gain entry into the tenant's apartment due to unsatisfactory defective and ineffective locks on the exterior apartment door and/or because of the existence of unlimited passkeys.

There is a dearth of Florida law on this subject, but we agree with the trial judge that a landlord should not normally be held responsible for criminal acts committed by strangers and generally is not an insurer of, and has no duty to protect, the safety of his tenants, 43 A.L.R.3d 331 et seq. at 335. Were we to hold otherwise, each victimized tenant would sue his landlord every time a rape, murder, assault, arson, robbery or burglary occurred on or about any leased premises, be they single, multi-family or commercial.

There is very little said in the complaint about the actual relationship of the parties. In paragraph two it is alleged that "the Plaintiff, BARBARA WHELAN, resided at ... St. Johns Village." In paragraph three it is alleged that the defendants, a corporation and five individuals, were "operating" St. Johns Village. In paragraph four it is alleged that the plaintiffs were lessees, tenants and business invitees on the premises of St. Johns Village. From such allegations it is difficult to tie down the exact status of the parties and their relationships and it becomes important to note what this complaint does not allege. For instance there is no allegation of a violation of a statute such as the landlord-tenant laws. We further observe no allegation as to any violation or breach of a lease for a term certain, ² nor is one attached to the complaint. Moreover, there is no allegation of a violation of any implied contract arising out of the relationship of landlord and tenant.

We are not unaware of the recent decision out of the Third District written by Judge Schwartz. Holley v. Mt. Zion Terrace Apartments, Inc., 382 So.2d 98 (Fla.3d DCA 1980). In Holley there is a specific reference to a "contractual responsibility" to provide armed guards arising...