Wilkerson v. State
| Decision Date | 20 August 2004 |
| Docket Number | No. A04A1117.,A04A1117. |
| Citation | 269 Ga. App. 190,603 S.E.2d 728 |
| Parties | WILKERSON v. The STATE. |
| Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
Chestley N. Merritt, Hinesville, for Appellant.
Tom Durden, Dist. Atty., Henry P. Smith, Asst. Dist. Atty., for Appellee.
Marvin Wilkerson, Sr. was convicted of trafficking cocaine, driving with an expired license tag, and driving with a suspended license.
Construed in favor of the verdict, the evidence shows that Wilkerson was driving his son's car on February 9, 2001, with two passengers, when a police officer decided to stop him for driving with an expired license tag. (The car was registered to a man named Malcom Harper, but he had recently sold it to Wilkerson's son.) Co-defendant Smiley was in the front seat. A 14-year-old girl was in the back seat. In response to the blue lights and siren, Wilkerson drove in a way that suggested he might not comply. After Wilkerson stopped, he twice moved his car when the officer started to get out of the patrol car, and so, the officer called for backup. Next Wilkerson was unable to produce a driver's license and proof of insurance, and although he gave his correct name, Wilkerson gave a false birth date to the officer. When challenged about his age, he gave the correct date and stated that his license had been suspended. After confirming the information, the officer arrested Wilkerson for driving with a suspended license.
Because neither passenger was licensed to drive and because Wilkerson told the officer that he had no one to take possession of the car, the officer impounded the vehicle. A second officer immediately began an inventory, during which the officer found a container in the trunk, in which he found suspected contraband. Drug agents were called to the scene, who then, acting on probable cause to search, searched the car again and found what turned out to be 73.2 grams of 40 percent pure cocaine as well as a small amount of marijuana.
1. Wilkerson first contends that the trial court should have granted his motion to suppress. "A trial court's order on a motion to suppress will not be disturbed if there is any evidence to support it...." Hobdy v. State, 222 Ga.App. 625, 626, 475 S.E.2d 686 (1996).
Wilkerson contends that the car was not properly inventoried. He argues that the initial inventory search was invalid because the officer did not follow the applicable procedures found in the Hinesville Police Department's Standard Operating Procedure in that the inventory was not concluded but rather interrupted when the contraband was initially found. But Wilkerson has failed to supply any authority for this proposition. And, we fail to see how Wilkerson's rights could have been violated by the officer's action of terminating the initial inventory in order to call in drug agents, when, even as Wilkerson admits, the officer's actions up to that point were proper. See also Staley v. State, 224 Ga.App. 806, 807-808, 482 S.E.2d 459 (1997).
2. Wilkerson contends that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict for trafficking cocaine because there was no evidence linking him to the cocaine found in the trunk. Indeed, an officer admitted that nothing was found that tied Smiley to the contraband. No inventory was ever completed on the contents of the car, and thus nothing else was found therein that could be associated with Wilkerson. The clothes found in the trunk were never identified, and they were eventually disposed of. And officers attempted to get fingerprints from the container that held the cocaine but were unable to do so.
Nevertheless, there is a presumption that the driver is in possession of the contents of a vehicle:
In the absence of any circumstances to the contrary, a presumption arises from proof of ownership and control of premises, an automobile, or other property that the owner is in control and possession of contraband found therein. This rule is equally applicable to an automobile in which the accused is only the driver or in possession of the vehicle.
(Citations and punctuation omitted; emphasis in original.) Henderson v. State, 191 Ga.App. 275, 276(1)(a), 381 S.E.2d 423 (1989). That presumption may be overcome by operation of the equal access rule:
The equal access rule, as it applies in the automobile context, is merely that evidence showing that a person or persons other than the owner or driver of the automobile had equal access to contraband found in the automobile may or will, depending upon the strength of the evidence, overcome the presumption that the contraband was in the exclusive possession of the owner or driver.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Knox v. State, 216 Ga.App. 90, 92(3), 453 S.E.2d 120 (1995). The rule "applies only where the sole evidence of possession of contraband found in the vehicle is the defendant's ownership or possession of the vehicle...." (Citations and punctuation omitted; emphasis in original.) Pittman v. State, 208 Ga.App. 211, 214(2), 430 S.E.2d 141 (1993). Ramsay v. State, 175 Ga.App. 97, 99(7), 332 S.E.2d 390 (1985).
In this case, evidence was presented, upon which the jury was allowed to rely, to show that none of the possible parties involved had equal access to the contents of the trunk. Harper testified that he sold the car to Wilkerson's son on about January 20, 2001, and he testified that the drugs were not his. Wilkerson said that his son was out of town, and no evidence was presented that his son had recently had access to the trunk of the car. The 14-year-old girl was in the car because she had missed her bus to school and she had been picked up for a ride because she knew Smiley. She did not look in the trunk before getting in the car, there was no testimony that the trunk was opened while she was in the car, and she denied that the contraband was hers. See Petty v. State, 221 Ga.App. 125, 126, 470 S.E.2d 517 (1996) (...
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