Williams v. Newton
Decision Date | 20 May 1970 |
Docket Number | No. 38406,38406 |
Citation | 236 So.2d 98 |
Parties | Broward WILLIAMS, as Treasurer and ex officio Insurance Commissioner of the State of Florida, Appellant, v. Lou Verda Bryant NEWTON, Appellee. |
Court | Florida Supreme Court |
Earl Faircloth, Atty. Gen., Stephen Marc-Slepin, Asst. Atty. Gen., and Robert J. Kelly, Gen. Counsel, for appellant.
Charles N. Prather, Exec. Atty., Orlando, and James M. Barclay, Maitland, Staff Atty., Legal Aid Attys., for appellee.
This cause is before us on appeal from the judgment of the Circuit Court, Orange County, holding certain provisions of Florida Statutes Chapter 324, F.S.A., the Financial Responsibility Law, unconstitutional. The judgment of the trial court passed directly on the validity of a state statute, giving this Court jurisdiction under § 4, Article V of the Florida Constitution, F.S.A.
Appellee Newton was involved in an automobile accident on May 22, 1968. On August 12, 1968, appellant notified her of the requirement under Florida Statutes Chapter 324, F.S.A. that she show proof of financial responsibility and unless she complied her driver's license and/or motor vehicle tags and registration privileges would be suspended on September 16, 1968. Upon appellee's failure to comply, appellant, on September 26, 1968, ordered suspension of appellee's driving privileges. Appellee did not yield up her motor vehicle registration or request a hearing pursuant to Florida Statutes § 324.042, F.S.A. Instead she filed an action for injunctive and declaratory relief stating that because of her limited financial ability she was and is unable to comply with Chapter 324 in the procurement of insurance, posting bond or becoming self-insured. Appellee contended that Act violated the due process and equal protection clauses of the United States and Florida Constitutions, in that it allows suspension of drivers' licenses without a hearing on the question of culpability and treats all owners and operators of vehicles involved in an accident alike, regardless of fault.
The trial court in declaring Florida Statutes § 324.051, F.S.A. unconstitutional, held:
The lower court also held:
'The administrative remedies allowed and provided by the Act are contrary to the intent of the Statute and unconstitutionally deny the Defendant the equal protection of the law.'
Petitioner was ordered to restore respondent's driver's license, registration plates, etc., and to hold a hearing in accord with Florida Statutes § 120.22 and § 120.23, F.S.A. of the Administrative Procedure Act.
Florida Financial Responsibility Law, like that of many other states, 1 requires compliance only after an owner or operator of a motor vehicle is involved in an accident. The Legislature could have required financial responsibility as a condition precedent to the operation of a motor vehicle on the highways of this State, as do the laws of some states. 2 The financial responsibility laws of a number of states require compliance only after failure to satisfy a judgment resulting from the accident. 3 Florida's law is not of this type.
There is no question that the Legislature has the power to enact Chapter 324 requiring proof of financial responsibility after involvement in an accident. The lower court's basic objection to the Act is the unfairness of treating all owners and operators involved in an accident alike, regardless of fault and requiring all to show proof of financial responsibility. The holding is that the lack of classification separating those at fault from those not at fault offends equal protection of the law and the failure to provide a pre-suspension hearing to determine fault denies due process of law.
The lower court found that the provisions of Florida Statute § 324.051(2)(a), F.S.A. are inconsistent with the intent of the Act set out in Florida Statute § 324.011, F.S.A. 4 Section 324.051(2)(a) provides in pertinent part as follows:
'Thirty days after receipt of notice of any accident involving a motor vehicle within this state which has resulted in bodily injury or death to any person, or total damage of fifty dollars or more to property, the commissioner shall suspend the licenses of the operators and all registrations of the owners of the vehicles involved in such accident and in case of a nonresident owner or operator, shall suspend such nonresident's operating privilege in this state, unless such operator or owner shall prior to the expiration of such thirty days be found by the commissioner to be exempt from the operation of this chapter, based upon evidence in his files satisfactory to him that:
Under Florida Statute § 324.051(2)(b), F.S.A., the above-quoted section only applies to uninsured operators or owners. The commission by regulation adopted pursuant to Florida Statute § 324.042, F.S.A., has provided for a hearing limited to the exemptions set forth in Florida Statute § 324.051(2), F.S.A.
We do not agree that the Act violates the constitutional guarantees of equal protection or due process. All owners and operators of motor vehicles are treated alike. The failure to classify those at fault in causing an accident into a group apart from those not at fault may seem 'unfair,' particularly to the innocent motorist, but it is not unconstitutional. Determination of the question of fault in an accident may be a long involved process through the courts. In the interim the Legislature has seen fit to require that all uninsured motorists involved in the accident obtain insurance or otherwise prove financial responsibility. The result is to protect accident victims regardless of the eventual outcome of proceedings determining fault, and to protect the driving public against other uninsured accidents involving those operators or owners occurring in the interim. The fact that the owner or operator not at fault in an accident is required to obtain insurance does not constitute the imposition of a 'penalty' on the innocent motorist. Insurance is for the benefit of the owner and operator as well as the public.
Appellee's contention that Florida's Financial Responsibility Law denied equal protection to the poor or indigent, is without merit. This contention has been universally rejected in other jurisdictions having acts similar to Florida. In Hadden v. Aitken 5 the Nebraska Supreme Court stated:
The operation of financial responsibility laws requiring compliance after an accident by all owners and operators, Regardless of fault has also been upheld. In Ballow v. Reeves 6 the Kentucky Court stated:
In a leading case on the subject, Rosenblum v. Griffin, 7 the Supreme Court of New Hampshire held:
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...v. Dept. of Public Safety, 152 Tex. 459, 259 S.W.2d 177, certiorari denied, 347 U.S. 933, 74 S.Ct. 625, 98 L.Ed. 1084; Williams v. Newton (Fla.) 236 So.2d 98; Larson v. Warren (Fla.) 132 So.2d 177, appeal dismissed, 369 U.S. 427, 82 S.Ct. 879, 8 L.Ed.2d 7; Franklin v. Scurlock, 224 Ark. 168......
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