Wilson v. State

• Decision Date: 10 March 1978
• Docket Number: No. 766,766
• Citation: 383 A.2d 77,39 Md.App. 113
• Parties: Kenneth Maurice WILSON v. STATE of Maryland.
• Court: Court of Special Appeals of Maryland

Page 113

39 Md.App. 113

383 A.2d 77

Kenneth Maurice WILSON v. STATE of Maryland.

No. 766.

Court of Special Appeals of Maryland.

March 10, 1978.

Mark Colvin, Asst. Public Defender, with whom was Alan H. Murrell, Public Defender on the brief, for appellant

Kathleen M. Sweeney, Asst. Atty. Gen., with whom were Francis B. Burch, Atty. Gen., William A. Swisher, State's Atty. for Baltimore City and Sheldon Mazelis, Howard Grossfeld and John Denholm, Asst. State's Attys. for Baltimore City on the brief, for appellee.

Argued before LOWE, MELVIN and MASON, JJ.

LOWE, Judge.

"The powers and duties of (a) Court of Appeals, are defined and limited. It cannot entertain appellate jurisdiction except when prescribed by the law. Where it undertakes to review the proceedings of subordinate tribunals, the authority must be shewn. It is also the province of the appellate Court to decide when an appeal lies, and not the Court from which the appeal is taken." Wylie v. Johnston, 29 Md. 298, 302.

Although not raised by the parties in this case, the issue decided is whether a trial judge presiding over a post conviction hearing may authorize a second appeal to this Court when he questions the adequacy of the appellate representation. Conversely we must look at the question in light of our own authority to hear such second appeal.

Kenneth Maurice Wilson was tried and convicted of the rape and robbery of Lulu Mae Vicks in the Criminal Court of Baltimore on February 11 and 19, 1975. From February 24 through 28, 1975, another trial was held, which culminated in appellant's being convicted of having carnal knowledge of, and committing perverted practices on, Jo Ann Murcer. Both cases were appealed, with three issues being raised in each case. All verdicts were affirmed in unreported per curiam opinions in the 1975 September Term. ¹ Appellant filed a post conviction petition in which he claimed eleven grounds for relief:

"1) Perjury.

2) Inadmissible evidence.

3) Improper 'admission' of certain information that was perjury in violation of Petitioner's rights.

4) Illegal sentence.

5) Unconstitutional evidence.

6) Prejudice of presiding Judge.

7) Violation of constitutional right to due process and equal protection.

8) Unconstitutional shifting of burden of proof to Petitioner.

9) Violation of Petitioner's right to a fair and impartial trial by requiring him to prove his alibi by an independent source and by a preponderance of the evidence.

10) Violation of Petitioner's constitutional right to a speedy trial.

11) Suppression of evidence by the State." (emphasis added).

All were denied by the judge at the post conviction hearing except numbers 6 and 10. The judge did not find directly that there was a violation of petitioner's constitutional right to a speedy trial, or that the presiding judge was prejudiced; he simply indicated that these issues should have been raised on appeal despite then appellate counsel's opinion that the issues had not been properly preserved for appeal. The judge pointed out in his opinion ² that the trial courts in both cases had, in fact, acted upon motions raising the speedy trial questions after having heard argument on them. He also noted that the issue of the trial judge's bias had not been waived and should have been considered on appeal. He concluded that because these issues had not been raised on appeal despite appellant's express directions to his counsel:

" . . . Petitioner was not afforded genuine representation in regard to his direct appeal."

The judge then

" . . . ORDERED, that the Petitioner be and he is hereby granted a Belated Appeal to the Court of Special Appeals."

In addition to the speedy trial and bias issues, this appeal that followed attempts again to raise two questions which we had answered on appellant's first appeal and a third which the post conviction court considered and rejected as having lacked merit.

We hold that the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act did not provide the Criminal Court of Baltimore with the jurisdiction to review appellate counsel's conduct or the issues raised or waived on appeal once that original appeal had been entered. We further hold that this Court has no jurisdiction to hear a second appeal arriving here from the route thus traveled.

In numerous cases we have stated or indicated that the post conviction relief is not available in the appellate stage of criminal proceedings and that only errors relating to the validity of the original judgment are properly cognizable as a basis for post conviction petition review. E. g., Curtis v. State, 37 Md.App. 459, 463, 381 A.2d 1166; ³ Robinson v. Director, 3 Md.App. 222, 224, 238 A.2d 124; Creswell v. Director, 2 Md.App. 142, 144-145, 233 A.2d 375; Knox v. Director, 1 Md.App. 678, 680, 232 A.2d 824 cert. dismissed, 396 U.S. 995, 90 S.Ct. 496, 24 L.Ed.2d 461. While the logic behind these expressions has not been explicated (because that issue was not directly before us), it is apparent that our reasoning derived from the clear and limiting nature of the words of the statute reflecting the obvious legislative intent of its enactment. When the language of a statute is clear there is no need to look beyond it for legislative intent. State v. Fabritz, 276 Md. 416, 421, 348 A.2d 275, cert. denied, 425 U.S. 942, 96 S.Ct. 1680, 48 L.Ed.2d 185.

The Post Conviction Procedure Act, Md.Code, Art. 27, § 645A, grants a right to institute a proceeding for post conviction relief only to those convicted persons who claim that the "sentence" or "judgment" was "imposed" in violation of the law or Constitutions. It is apparent that appellate courts do not "impose" sentences or judgments. It is that language which has caused us continually to limit post conviction relief to the proceedings leading to, and the imposition of, the original judgment which term, parenthetically, includes both conviction and sentence.

There is no language in the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act which even implicitly permits a supplicant to institute a proceeding under a claim of a legal or constitutional rights violation during the course of an appeal. Nor is there hint of that extended jurisdiction being intended by the Uniform Conference of Commissioners in its "Prefatory Statement", published when originally it proposed the act, see Handbook of the Nat'l Conf. of Comm'rs of Uniform State Laws (1955), or in the Maryland Legislative Council's explanation of the legislation contained in its Report to the Maryland General Assembly, 1958, (see Item No. 85(1)), recommending the Act to the Maryland Legislature.

We have, of course, permitted trial courts to direct a belated appeal when counsel have wrongfully failed in their responsibility to enter an appeal from the trial court on a defendant's behalf, contrary to his expressed desires. E. g., Robinson v. Director, 6 Md.App. 597, 252 A.2d 500; Rhodes v. Warden, 7 Md.App. 423, 426, 256 A.2d 351. At that juncture, prior to the entry of an appeal, the trial court still has jurisdiction over the case; however, we have not extended nor could we extend the jurisdiction of the nisi prius court by permitting it to review our appellate proceedings after it was divested of jurisdiction by the entry of an appeal.

"(T)he law is well settled that ordinarily, the trial court's jurisdiction is ended upon the filing of an appeal to this Court." Stacy v. Burke, 259 Md. 390, 401, 269 A.2d 837, 844; State v. McCray, 267 Md. 111, 145, 297 A.2d 265.

"After the appeal has been perfected, this Court is vested with the exclusive power and jurisdiction over We therefore hold that the Criminal Court of Baltimore was divested of jurisdiction when the original appeals were entered. It follows that the issues raised, the conduct of counsel and, indeed, all elements and related events addressed (or neglected) during the appeal were beyond the jurisdiction of the trial court. ⁴ The legislative grant of jurisdictional authority to hear post conviction complaints did not coincidentally vest the trial court with the power, not formerly conferred, to examine appellate operations.

the subject matter of the proceedings . . . ." (emphasis added). Bullock v. Director, 231 Md. 629, 633, 190 A.2d 789, 792.

To hold otherwise would require a trial court whose proceedings are being reviewed on appeal, to adjudge the propriety of its reviewer's proceedings. In regard to the issue of competency of counsel in such an instance, a nisi prius judge would sit in judgment of an appellate attorney's brief over which he had no jurisdiction and of which he had no official knowledge, and would determine counsel's adequacy at an unrecorded argument which he did not hear or observe. Every appeal would then be subject to review upon post conviction petition and the trial judge would have to decide whether the issues not raised on appeal were from the failure of an inadequate counsel or a strategic judgment of a sound appellate advocate. If a trial judge had such jurisdiction and responsibility, the impracticality of an unending circle of review would cause the wheels of justice not only to grind "exceeding fine", but probably to come to a screeching halt.

We may sympathize with a petitioner whose abridgement of constitutional rights at trial may have been compounded by incompetent or slipshod counsel on appeal; nonetheless,

whatever avenues of relief may...