Winter v. Crowley

• Decision Date: 08 February 1967
• Docket Number: No. 19,19
• Citation: 226 A.2d 304,245 Md. 313
• Parties: Anne Marle WINTER v. Stephen B. CROWLEY, Jr.
• Court: Maryland Court of Appeals

Page 313

245 Md. 313

226 A.2d 304

Anne Marle WINTER v. Stephen B. CROWLEY, Jr.

No. 19.

Court of Appeals of Maryland.

Feb. 8, 1967.

Patrick T. Moran, Silver Spring (Stedman Prescott, Jr., Silver Spring, on the brief), for appellant.

No brief and no appearance for appellee.

Before HAMMOND, C. J., and MARBURY, BARNES, McWILLIAMS and FINAN, JJ.

BARNES, Judge.

Stephen B. Crowley, Jr., was granted a divorce a vinculo matrimonii from Anne Marie Winter on March 21, 1961. The decree awarded custody of their four children to Mr. Crowley. On October 5, 1965, Mrs. Winter was adjudged in contempt of court for unlawfully removing from Mr. Crowley's custody two of their children and harboring them, contrary to the divorce decree. By a writ of attachment, the Sheriff of Montgomery County was directed to take Mrs. Winter into custody until she should purge herself of contempt. The writ remained unexecuted, however, because Mrs. Winter had moved from Maryland to the District of Columbia.

Later, Mr. Crowley filed a partition suit against hie ex-wife for sale of a house in Rockville. Mrs. Winter filed exceptions in the partition suit, which were set for hearing on February 11, 1966. When Mrs. Winter appeared in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County on the hearing day, she was taken into custody by a deputy sheriff, at the request of Mr. Crowley's attorney, pursuant to the outstanding writ of attachment.

Mrs. Winter moved to quash the arrest pursuant to the writ of attachment on the ground that she was immune from arrest on such process, under Maryland Rule 104 g, while participating in the partition suit. The motion was denied. Mrs. Winter has appealed.

The Maryland Rules grant immunity from service of process to non-residents attending courts in this State. Rule 104 g provides:

'During such time as a nonresident is in this State for the purpose of testifying as a witness or for prosecuting or defending an action, he shall not be subject to service of process.'

Rule 5 y defines 'process' as:

'any written order issued by a court to secure compliance with its commands, or to require action by any person, including, but not limited to a summons at law or in equity, an order of publication, a commission, a writ and an order of any kind.'

Rule 5 ff defines 'writ' as

'a written precept or order, issuing from a court, addressed to a sheriff or other officer of law, or directly to the person whose action the court desires to command, either at the commencement of an action, or as incidental to its progress, requiring performance of a specified act, or giving authority and commission to have such act done.'

The lower court denied Mrs. Winter's motion because, in its opinion, Rule 104 g- 'does not apply to the arrest of persons who are directed to be arrested by virtue of a bench warrant that has issued after a case has been concluded. * * * (T)he Court does not believe that after an adjudication in a contempt proceeding that is final in nature and form, that the sheriff would be relieved of exercising the power and authority which he is directed to exercise by the issuance of the bench warrant. If it were the law of this State the sheriff would have to be guarded, or guard himself against the attachment of a party named in the bench warrant on the excuse or the fact that they are appearing in court as a witness. * * *.'

We must disagree with this conclusion of the court below.

We find no authority in Rule 104 g for cutting off the immunity from 'service of process' once a person is adjudged in contempt of court. It still remained for Mrs. Winter to be brought before the court for punishment, and the bench warrant ordering the sheriff to do this was clearly within the meaning of 'process' as befined by Maryland Rule 5 y, supra. Moreover, the purpose of granting immunity-to give a civil litigant or witness 'a free and untrammeled opportunity to present his case' Long v. Hawken, 114 Md. 234, 79 A. 190, 42 L.R.A.,N.S., 1101 (1911)-applies equally at every state of the proceeding in which process is attempted to be served.

It is unnecessary to express an opinion on the important question of whether Rule 104 g extends its immunity to a criminal arrest because the contempt proceedings below were purely civil in nature. Actions for contempt may be either civil or criminal in character. Donner v. Calvert Distillers Corp., 196 Md. 475, 77 A.2d 305 (1951). The same act-in this case refusing to adhere to the custody decree of the Circuit Court-has been the subject of both kinds of proceedings. See e.g., In re Pierce, 44 Wis. 411 (1878); Kenimer v. State ex rel. Webb, 81 Ga.App. 437, 59 S.E.2d 296 (1950); Rosin v. Superior Court, 181 Cal.App.2d 486, 5 Cal.Rptr. 421, 431 (1960); Coles v. Coles, 202 A.2d 394 (D.C.Ct. of Appeals, 1964); Kemp v. Kemp, 206 A.2d 731 (D.C.Ct. of Appeals, 1965); Wellesley v. Duke of Beaufort, (1831) Russ & M. 639, 39 E.R. 538.

Chief Judge Marbury in Donner v. Calvert Distillers Corp., 196 Md. at 484-485, 77 A.2d at 308 quoted from the leading case of Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Co., 221 U.S. 418, 31 S.Ct. 492, 55 L.Ed. 797 (1917) to explain the distinction between civil and criminal contempt:

'It is not the fact of punishment but rather its character and purpose that often serve to distinguish between the two classes of cases. If it is for civil contempt the punishment is remedial, and for the benefit of the complainant. But if it is for criminal contempt the sentence is punitive, to vindicate the authority of the court. It is true that punishment by...