Women for Am. First v. De Blasio
Decision Date | 18 February 2021 |
Docket Number | 20 Civ. 5746 (LGS) |
Citation | 520 F.Supp.3d 532 |
Parties | WOMEN FOR AMERICA FIRST, Plaintiff, v. Bill DE BLASIO, in his official capacity as the Mayor of New York City, New York, and Polly Trottenberg, Commissioner of the New York City Department of Transportation, Defendants. |
Court | U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York |
Ronald David Coleman, Dhillon Law Group Inc., New York, NY, for Plaintiff.
Diana Marsh Murray, NYC Law Department, Office of the Corporation Counsel, Jeannine Brisard, New York City Law Department, New York, NY, for Defendants.
On July 28, 2020, Plaintiff Women For America First filed a Complaint alleging that Defendants’ denial of Plaintiff's request to paint a mural similar to New York City's eight "Black Lives Matter" murals deprived Plaintiff of its First Amendment rights in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Two motions are before the Court. First, Plaintiff seeks a preliminary injunction ordering Defendants to permit Plaintiff to paint its own mural, or in the alternative, enjoining Defendants from painting or maintaining any murals on New York City streets and requiring Defendants to paint over the eight "Black Lives Matter" murals within seven days of the Court's ruling. Second, Defendants move to dismiss the Complaint. For the reasons explained below, Plaintiff has standing only to seek a preliminary injunction ordering Defendants to permit Plaintiff to paint its own mural. Further, for the reasons explained below, the motion for preliminary injunction is denied and the motion to dismiss is granted.
On June 14, 2020, Brooklyn-based artists painted a mural stating "Black Lives Matter" on Fulton Street in Brooklyn, New York. Here is an image of the Fulton Street mural:
NYC Mayor's Office, @NYCMayor, Twitter (June 19, 2020), https://twitter.com/NYCMayor/status/1274068537972273152?s=20. Six additional "Black Lives Matter" murals were then painted in locations including Joralemon Street, Brooklyn (painted on June 26, 2020); Centre Street, Manhattan (painted on July 2, 2020); Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Boulevard, Harlem (painted on July 8, 2020); Fifth Avenue, Manhattan (painted on July 9, 2020); Morris Avenue, the Bronx (painted on July 15, 2020); and 153rd Street, Queens (painted on July 30, 2020). All eight murals (collectively, the "Murals") are painted on city roads open to traffic. The New York City government preserved the Murals and played a role in the creation of the six later murals. The Complaint alleges, for example, that the New York City Department of Transportation ("DOT") is responsible for the "Black Lives Matter" mural on Fifth Avenue, which cost approximately $6,000 in DOT funds.
On July 9, 2020, Plaintiff submitted an e-mail request to Mayor de Blasio to paint a mural stating, "Engaging, Inspiring and Empowering Women to Make a Difference!" Plaintiff sought to paint its mural on "Fifth Avenue, or another similar street within the city's jurisdiction," including suitable alternatives like the "FDR Drive outside Gracie's Mansion," or "on 42nd Street near Times Square, or even City Hall Park ..." Plaintiff did not receive a response. Plaintiff sent a second request via Federal Express, which the Mayor's office received on July 15, 2020. On August 17, 2020, the DOT denied Plaintiff's second request. The DOT stated that it "does not permit installations on City roadways that are open to traffic."
Id. at Ch. 37, § 854(d) (emphasis added).
Plaintiff has standing to bring its First Amendment claim and related request for a preliminary injunction ordering Defendants to permit Plaintiff to paint its own mural; Plaintiff does not, however, have standing to seek a preliminary injunction prohibiting Defendants from painting or maintaining any murals on New York City streets because this remedy would not redress Plaintiff's alleged injury. Although Defendant does not dispute Plaintiff's standing, "the court has an independent obligation to assure that standing exists, regardless of whether it is challenged by any of the parties." Summers v. Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 499, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) ; see also Coal. for Competitive Elec., Dynergy Inc. v. Zibelman , 906 F.3d 41, 58 (2d Cir. 2018), cert. denied sub nom. Elec. Power Supply Ass'n v. Rhodes , ––– U.S. ––––, 139 S. Ct. 1547, 1547, 203 L.Ed.2d 712 (2019).
To establish standing, the plaintiff "must have (1) suffered an injury in fact, (2) that is fairly traceable to the challenged conduct of the defendant, and (3) that is likely to be redressed by a favorable judicial decision." Moya v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec. , 975 F.3d 120, 129 (2d Cir. 2020) ( ). "Each element of standing must be supported ... with the manner and degree of evidence required at the successive stages of the litigation." Sonterra Capital Master Fund Ltd. v. UBS AG , 954 F.3d 529, 534 (2d Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks omitted). To demonstrate standing for injunctive relief, a plaintiff "cannot rely solely on past injuries; rather, the plaintiff must establish how he or she will be injured prospectively and that the injury would be prevented by the equitable relief sought." Marcavage v. City of New York , 689 F.3d 98, 103 (2d Cir. 2012) ; accord Liberian Cmty. Ass'n of Conn. v. Lamont , 970 F.3d 174, 184 (2d Cir. 2020). An organization has "standing in its own right to seek judicial relief from injury to itself," Warth v. Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 511, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975), where the organization "meet[s] the same standing test that...
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