Zunino v. Rajewski

• Decision Date: 21 August 2007
• Docket Number: No. 25087-3-III.,25087-3-III.
• Citation: 165 P.3d 57,140 Wn. App. 215
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals
• Parties: Donald ZUNINO, a single individual; Virgil Zabinski and Julie Zabinski, husband and wife, Respondents, v. David RAJEWSKI and Teresa Rajewski, husband and wife, and All Other Persons or Parties Unknown Claiming Any Right, Title, Estate, Lien or Interest in the Real Estate Described in the Complaint Herein, Appellants.

165 P.3d 57

140 Wn. App. 215

Donald ZUNINO, a single individual; Virgil Zabinski and Julie Zabinski, husband and wife, Respondents, v. David RAJEWSKI and Teresa Rajewski, husband and wife, and All Other Persons or Parties Unknown Claiming Any Right, Title, Estate, Lien or Interest in the Real Estate Described in the Complaint Herein, Appellants.

No. 25087-3-III.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 3.

August 21, 2007.

John Francis Bury, Spokane, WA, for Appellants.

John McLean Rilley III, Spokane, WA, for Respondents.

KULIK, J.

¶ 1 This case addresses the fundamental issue of what is necessary to create an easement. We hold that the documents here designated as "private road and utility easements" simply do not create easements because they lack the required statement of intent to transfer property. We affirm the trial court.

FACTS

¶ 2 Gayle Anderberg sold two parcels of property to Virgil and Julie Zabinski, and three parcels to Donald Zunino. The deeds for these parcels did not create easements; but for each sale, Ms. Anderberg recorded a "Private Road and Utility Easement" document so that she could obtain a certificate from Spokane County (County) exempting the property from formal platting requirements. Clerk's Papers (CP) at 343. Ms. Anderberg believed that these documents created easements over the Zabinski and the Zunino properties.

¶ 3 When David and Teresa Rajewski purchased several parcels of the Anderberg property, the final sale was contingent upon the Rajewskis' ability to segregate the parcels into 10-acre parcels. Concerned about new growth, the Zabinskis and Mr. Zunino filed this action seeking to quiet title against the Rajewskis' claim of easements. The trial court concluded that the private road and utility easement documents did not create valid easements. The Rajewskis appeal.

¶ 4 File No. 9505020168. In 1995, Ms. Anderberg discussed the possible subdivision of her land with a friend who worked at the Spokane County Building and Planning Department. Ms. Anderberg signed and recorded an Easement and Maintenance Agreement under Spokane County Auditor's No. 9505020168.

¶ 5 In April or May 1997, Ms. Anderberg-Jones (Anderberg) listed the entire property for sale with a real estate agent, Lon Boothby, and the property was put on the market.

¶ 6 Zabinski Purchase. In September 1997, Ms. Anderberg entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Virgil and Julie Zabinski. The documents indicate that the Zabinskis would agree to easements across the property and that the Zabinskis would install a road across the property to provide access to Ms. Anderberg and to her property.

¶ 7 Prior to closing, Mr. Boothby applied to Spokane County for a Certificate of Exemption. To obtain these, he had to file a private road and utility easement. Mr. Boothby prepared a private road and utility easement document that was recorded as File No. 4156896. Only Ms. Anderberg signed the easement document. At that time, Ms. Anderberg was the sole owner of all of the property described in the easement. The deed contained several encumbrances which the conveyance was "subject to." CP at 344. But Ms. Anderberg neither granted nor reserved an easement in the deed.

¶ 8 Later, but prior to closing, Mr. Boothby made substantial changes to File No. 4156896 and rerecorded it under File No. 4157940. Ms. Anderberg initialed the changes.

¶ 9 In November 1997, Ms. Anderberg executed a statutory warranty deed to the Zabinskis. Ms. Anderberg neither granted nor reserved an easement in the deed. The deed contained several encumbrances which the conveyance was "subject to." CP at 344. In 1999, Mr. Boothby prepared two additional private road and utility easement documents. One was recorded under File No. 4392328. A portion of the property—referred to in the document as "for the benefit of" Ms. Anderberg—had previously deeded to the Zabinskis. CP at 345.

¶ 10 The second private road and utility easement document was recorded under File No. 4392329. The description in this document crosses property that had previously been sold to the Zabinskis by Ms. Anderberg.

¶ 11 Zunino Purchase. In August 1999, Ms. Anderberg sold property by warranty deed to Michael and Tami Newman. In this deed, Ms. Anderberg did not reserve or grant an easement for ingress or egress. The deed contained several items the property was "subject to." CP at 346.

¶ 12 In 2000, Donald Zunino entered into a purchase and sales agreement with the Newmans. The property was conveyed by a statutory warranty deed. A nonexclusive easement for ingress and egress was created by File No. 4392328 and File No. 4392329 in Spokane County. The deed recited several encumbrances which Mr. Zunino took "subject to." CP at 349-50.

¶ 13 In 2001, Ms. Anderberg conveyed the property to Mr. Zunino by statutory warranty deed. The deed contained several encumbrances which Mr. Zunino took title "subject to." CP at 350. At the time of Mr. Zunino's purchase, there were two physical access routes on the parcel.

¶ 14 Rajewski Purchases. In November 1999, David and Teresa Rajewski entered into a purchase and sale agreement for a substantial portion of the Anderberg property. The property was conveyed one month later by statutory warranty deed. No easements for ingress and egress were prepared, executed, or granted.

¶ 15 In February 2000, Ms. Anderberg conveyed another piece of property to the Rajewskis by statutory warranty deed. The deed did not reserve or grant an easement.

¶ 16 In 2003, Ms. Anderberg and the Rajewskis entered into a purchase and sale agreement for another piece of property. The sale was contingent on Ms. Anderberg granting the Rajewskis an unlimited easement for utilities. The sale was also contingent on the Rajewskis being able to segregate the property into 10-acre parcels. However, no one sought, or obtained, Spokane County's approval or confirmation that the Rajewskis would be able to segregate the property into 10-acre parcels. In the deed, Ms. Anderberg neither reserved nor granted any easement for ingress and egress. No easements for ingress and egress were prepared, executed, delivered, or recorded in the deed. A private road and utilities easement document was recorded under File No. 4935724.

¶ 17 With this purchase, the Rajewskis gained legal access to the entirety of their property, based on their limited access to State Route 195, for those uses necessary for the normal operation of a farm.

¶ 18 Procedural History. Mr. Zunino and the Zabinskis filed an action seeking to quiet title against the Rajewskis' claim of easements. The Zabinskis also requested compensation for damage to their property and property values. The trial court prepared extensive findings and conclusions. The court concluded that no easements for ingress or egress were granted, and ordered the Rajewskis to pay damages. The court also granted an injunction barring the Rajewskis from the Zabinskis' and Zunino's property.

¶ 19 The Rajewskis appeal. At issue is the effect of five private road and utility easement documents: File No. 9505020168; File No. 4156896; File No. 4157940; File No. 4392328; and File No. 4392329.

ANALYSIS

¶ 20 Standard of Review. This court reviews a trial court's decision following a bench trial to determine whether the findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence and whether those findings support the court's conclusions of law. Dorsey v. King County, 51 Wash.App. 664, 668-69, 754 P.2d 1255 (1988). Unchallenged findings of facts are verities on appeal. Davis v. Dep't of Labor & Indus., 94 Wash.2d 119, 123, 615 P.2d 1279 (1980). We review conclusions of law de novo. Sunnyside Valley Irrig. Dist. v. Dickie, 149 Wash.2d 873, 880, 73 P.3d 369 (2003).

¶ 21 The Rajewskis have failed to assign error to Findings of Fact Nos. 1 through 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, and 50. These findings are verities on appeal.

¶ 22 Private Road and Utility Easement Documents. The parties agree that none of the deeds created easements that burdened Mr. Zunino's property or the Zabinskis' property. The Rajewskis contend that easements were created in documents filed as part of the process to obtain certificates of exemption from Spokane County.

¶ 23 Certificate of Exemption. The purpose of chapter 58.17 RCW is to provide a uniform process when property is divided within the State of Washington and to provide for proper ingress and egress. RCW 58.17.010. The concern is that property might be subdivided in a way that the lots created will be landlocked. Significantly, RCW 58.17.040 sets forth when the subdivision chapter is not applicable. Under RCW 58.17.040(2), no county approval is required for a subdivision of land into parcels five acres or larger, unless there is a county ordinance requiring approval of the subdivision.

¶ 24 The County created a Certificate of Exemption Ordinance. Spokane County Code (SCC) 12.100.110 and .112. Specifically, SCC 12.100.110 describes which subdivisions of land may take place without County approval. SCC 12.100.112 provides that a certificate of exemption must be obtained from the division for those exemptions set forth in SCC 12.100.110. Simply stated, a certificate of exemption is issued under a subdivision ordinance for properties that are exempt from the platting process. To prevent property from becoming landlocked, the County requires an applicant seeking a certificate of exemption to provide an easement to support the certificate when one or more parcels need access.

¶ 25 Ms. Anderberg contacted a friend who worked with the Spokane County Building and Planning Department, to discuss her plan for the possible development of her property. Specifically, she was interested in dividing up the property into 10-acre lots. Ms. Anderberg applied to the County for certificates of exemption. She believed that, by signing the easement documents, she would be able to sell her land. Mr. Boothby had the agreements recorded so that Ms....