City of Richmond v. S. M. O., Inc., 1--275A27

• Decision Date: 15 September 1975
• Docket Number: No. 1--275A27,1--275A27
• Citation: 165 Ind.App. 641,333 N.E.2d 797
• Parties: The CITY OF RICHMOND, Indiana, Defendant-Appellant, v. S.M.O., INC., d/b/a Burger Chef Restaurant, Plaintiff-Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

Page 797

333 N.E.2d 797

165 Ind.App. 641

The CITY OF RICHMOND, Indiana, Defendant-Appellant, v. S.M.O., INC., d/b/a Burger Chef Restaurant, Plaintiff-Appellee.

No. 1--275A27.

Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District.

Sept. 15, 1975.

Rehearing Denied Oct. 15, 1975.

Robert G. Burton Richmond, for defendant-appellant.

Bertwin J. Keller, Richmond, for plaintiff-appellee.

ROBERTSON, Chief Judge.

The defendant-appellant, City, is appealing from the trial court's judgment enjoining the City from maintaining a barricade between the property of the plaintiff-appellee, Burger Chef, and a state highway. The primary issues raised by the City may be paraphrased as whether the City had a right to regulate access to a state highway and, if so, was that power properly exercised.

For the reasons stated hereafter we affirm the trial court's judgment.

The facts show that the Indiana State Highway Commission granted Burger Chef's application for a curb cut and driveway along a state highway. Burger Chef made the cut and put in the driveway. Burger Chef then petitioned the City's Board of Public Works and Safety for the same permission. Not only did the City deny permission to Burger Chef but they also ordered the removal of the curb cut. When Burger Chef failed to remove the work the City eventually placed a metal post barricade across the driveway cutting off access of the state highway. Burger Chef's remaining access to the state highway was by way of a street adjacent to its property.

Burger Chef filed suit against the City and ultimately, by way of summary judgment, obtained removal of the barricade and an injunction from further interference by the City.

The essence of the trial court's ruling was that while the State has primary control of curb cuts on state highways the City could share in that control by adopting reasonable rules and regulations for that purpose. However, the trial court continued, since the City had not passed such rules and regulations, the City did not have authority to interfere with Burger Chef's access.

There is a series of older cases which collectively hold that the state and a municipality may share in the regulation of a given activity providing that regulation is not exclusively reserved to the state and the municipal regulation does not impose a less stringent requirement than specified by the state. See: Cooper v. City of Greenwood (1907), 169 Ind. 14, 81 N.E. 56 (ordinance may supplement state law); Medias v. City of Indianapolis (1939), 216 Ind. 155, 23 N.E.2d 590 (no prohibition for an ordinance to impose additional regulations if the ordinance is otherwise valid); Spitler v. Town of Munster (1938), 214 Ind. 75, 14 N.E.2d 579; (more stringent requirements allowed where exclusive authority not reserved to the state); Hollywood Theater Corp. v. City of Indianapolis (1941), 218 ind. 556, 34 N.E.2d 28 (parts of ordinance imposing less stringent regulations than statute are invalid).

The statute which gives authority to the state to regulate curb cuts is IC 1971, 9--4--1--119 (Burns Code Ed.). This statute is the genesis of a series of regulations (Burns Administrative Rules and Regulations (47--2127)--1 through (47--2127)--29) setting forth those things deemed pertinent by the State Highway Commission for a curb cut. A reading of that statute and those regulations indicates no particular intent to reserve the subject matter of curb cuts into or onto a state highway exclusively to the state. In fact, some degree of municipal participation in regulating may be inferred from the following:

'Approval of a permit application shall be subject to the permittee obtaining all necessary approvals involving land use from the zoning board and/or plan commission having jurisdiction and local authorities and complying with all applicable laws. The issuance of any permit shall in no way imply commission approval of, or be intended to influence any action pending before any local board or commission.' (Emphasis added.) Burns Rules & Regulations (47--2127)--12

When the trial court's determination that primary authority for curb cuts on a state highway rests with the state, with the City sharing under the proper circumstances, is compared to the foregoing cases, statute, and regulations we find no error.

It is in a similar vein that we find no error in the trial court's statement that the City must accompany any attempt to regulate curb cuts with reasonable rules and regulations dealing with that subject.

The right of a property owner to ingress and egress to an abutting highway is a property right, albeit not always absolute, but, nonetheless a property right....