Aldridge v. State

• Decision Date: 03 February 1981
• Docket Number: No. 36602,36602
• Citation: 274 S.E.2d 525,247 Ga. 142
• Parties: ALDRIDGE v. STATE.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

Page 525

274 S.E.2d 525

247 Ga. 142

ALDRIDGE v. STATE.

No. 36602.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

Feb. 3, 1981.

Charles H. Watt, III, Thomasville, for William Lee Aldridge.

H. Lamar Cole, Dist. Atty., Dwight May, Asst. Dist. Atty., Valdosta, Arthur K. Bolton, Atty. Gen., for the State.

JORDAN, Chief Justice.

William Lee Aldridge was convicted of the murder of his wife and sentenced to life imprisonment. This is his appeal.

Early in the day on January 31, 1980, appellant Aldridge and a friend began drinking. Appellant continued to drink throughout the day. He returned home late in the afternoon. His step-daughter, upon noticing his condition, informed him that her mother would be angry. She waited up the road to warn her mother about appellant's condition. Appellant meanwhile prepared himself a meal and attempted to eat it. When the victim and her daughter arrived home, a neighbor was talking with appellant.

An argument ensued between appellant and his wife. The step-daughter overheard appellant mumbling about a gun as he went to the rear of their home. She ran out.

Appellant returned to the kitchen with his rifle, struck his wife with the butt of the gun and then fired over her head four times. The victim was able at one point to grasp the gun barrel and struggle with appellant. The neighbor, who was still present, attempted to pull appellant off his wife. However, appellant finally stuck the rifle to his wife's head and fired.

The victim remained conscious, and appellant tried to help her by holding a towel to her head. Appellant's step-daughter had run for help. She found a policeman and told him that appellant had shot her mother. The two of them returned to the trailer where the policeman found appellant trying to help his wife. After calling for an ambulance, the policeman asked appellant what had happened. Appellant responded that he had been shooting around inside and had not meant to shoot his wife. Several hours later, the wife died. Appellant has no memory of these events.

Appellant was found guilty of malice murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. He enumerates six alleged errors on appeal.

1. Appellant complains that the trial court committed reversible error in refusing to charge the entirety of Code Ann. § 27-1503.

Appellant requested a charge on the defense of insanity and its legal result hospitalization. The trial judge told appellant's counsel prior to the closing arguments that he would give his charge as requested. Counsel argued to the jury as follows: "... His Honor will charge you also that Bill Aldridge, if you find him not guilty by reason of insanity, temporary or otherwise, will be taken into the hands of the Court, and sent to a hospital and given the treatment that he needs."

While charging the jury, the trial court informed them that if they found appellant not guilty because of insanity that the form of their verdict must specify that as required by the first sentence of Code Ann. § 27-1503. However, he did not charge on the trial court's retention of jurisdiction over a defendant found not guilty by reason of insanity. Appellant argues both that the trial judge should have charged the entirety of Code Ann. § 27-1503, and that his counsel was, at least, misled by his statement that he would charge the entirety of his request when he eventually did not.

In Pierce v. State, 231 Ga. 731, 204 S.E.2d 159 (1974), we faced this identical issue and concluded that it would be inappropriate to charge all of Code Ann. § 27-1503. In Hulsey v. State, 233 Ga. 261, 210 S.E.2d 797 (1974), it was noted that the Pierce holding was based on the irrelevance of the consequence (hospitalization) of a verdict of not guilty due to insanity at the guilt-innocence phase of a trial. Hulsey concluded by pointing out that "the better practice is to charge only the mandatory part of Code Ann. § 27-1503 as stated in Sanford v. State, (217 Ga. 825, 125 S.E.2d 478 (1962))." 233 Ga. at 262, 210 S.E.2d 797. The mandatory part as stated in Sanford is only the first sentence of the code section relating to the form of the jury verdict.

Some confusion in this area appears to have been injected by language in Lamb v. State, 241 Ga. 10, 243 S.E.2d 59 (1978). In Lamb, in which the death penalty had been given but reversed for resentencing by that opinion, the trial judge did charge the jury on the mandatory hospitalization of an accused found not guilty by reason of insanity. The appellant in Lamb argued that the trial judge should have gone further and charged the prerequisites for release after such hospitalization. This argument was rejected as this court concluded that the trial judge had fulfilled his duty in charging the mandatory section of Code Ann. § 27-1503, citing Hulsey, supra, inter alia. Apparently, this holding has led to the inference that charging on the hospitalization portion of the statute is mandatory as well. It is not.

We agree with the Court of Appeals in Albert v. State, 152 Ga.App. 708, 263 S.E.2d 685 (1979) where it said "(w)hile the language in Lamb v. State ... appears to support appellant's contention that the latter provision must also be charged, a careful reading of Hulsey v. State, (supra); upon which Lamb was based, persuades us that the only mandatory portion of the statute deals with the form of the verdict. The remaining portions of the statute concern matters which are not pertinent to the jury's determination of guilt or innocence and which the court has no duty to charge." 152 Ga.App. at 710-11, 263 S.E.2d 685. Consequently, the trial court did not err in not charging the entirety of Code Ann. § 27-1503 as requested by appellant.

The trial judge conceded to appellant's counsel that he may have misled him in informing him before closing argument that he would charge on Code Ann. § 27-1503 as requested. Appellant argues that his counsel was placed in the untenable position of having argued to the jury an issue which the trial judge failed to charge them as the law.

On the contrary, appellant's counsel had the benefit of arguing to the jury that appellant would be "taken in the hands of the Court" and given the necessary treatment if he had been found not guilty due to insanity. Since the trial judge was not required to charge the omitted portion of appellant's request, the jury would have had no way of knowing what the legal result of their verdict would have been, and, in that regard, counsel's "untenable position" in fact inured to appellant's benefit because the jury did learn that finding appellant not guilty by reason of insanity would not have meant setting him free. Cf. Chase v. State, 148 Ga.App. 690, 252 S.E.2d 194 (1979), where the trial judge gave no charge authorized by the evidence on a lesser included offense as he had indicated before argument that he would. We find no reversible error on this issue.

2. Appellant contends that his statement to the police officer who arrived first should not have been admitted because he was not given his Miranda warnings.

To clarify the facts involved in this issue, we note that appellant's step-daughter ran from the trailer and stopped a policeman. The policeman was a relative of the victim. She told him "T-Bone shot Mama." The policeman knew that "T-Bone" was appellant's nick-name. He entered the trailer, saw appellant attempting to aid the victim, removed the rifle, returned with it to his patrol car, and radioed for medical help. He went back to the trailer and asked appellant what happened. Appellant then made the statement, for the first time, that he had not meant to shoot his wife. This testimony was admitted, over objection, after a Jackson-Denno hearing.

The State contends that appellant's statement was elicited, if at all since the officer did not recall with certainty if he had actually asked appellant what had happened or if appellant had volunteered his statement, as part of the initial, on-the-scene investigation.

This court dealt at some length with the same issue in Shy v. State, 234 Ga. 816, 218 S.E.2d 599 (1975). While recognizing that Miranda warnings are not limited to station-house interrogations as long as there is some significant deprivation of an individual's freedom of action, we noted a police officer may make a threshold inquiry to ascertain if there were any current danger to himself or to others present at the scene. 234 Ga. at 818-23, 218 S.E.2d 599. So long as the interrogation is not aimed at obtaining information to establish a suspect's guilt but is instead aimed at determining the nature of the situation upon the arrival of the policeman on the scene, some initial inquiry may, under the circumstances, be permissible before Miranda warnings are given.

In the instant case, the policeman was confronted first with a seriously injured woman and a rifle in the immediate area. Appellant asked him to call for medical assistance. He removed the rifle and returned to his car to call for aid. He returned to the trailer where appellant asked him to help him with his wife. During the Jackson-Denno hearing, the policeman, upon being asked if he had immediately put appellant under arrest, testified that "right at the time I had all I could to do at that time to assist on the scene." He asked appellant what had happened. Others were present attempting to help the victim.

We agree with the trial court that the policeman's question to appellant was merely an attempt to ascertain the nature of the situation...