Allaback v. State
| Decision Date | 24 February 2014 |
| Docket Number | No. S–12–0242.,S–12–0242. |
| Citation | 318 P.3d 827 |
| Parties | Ronald D. ALLABACK, Appellant (Defendant), v. The STATE of Wyoming, Appellee (Respondent). |
| Court | Wyoming Supreme Court |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
Representing Appellant: Office of the State Public Defender: Diane Lozano, State Public Defender; Tina N. Olson, Chief Appellate Counsel; David E. Westling, Senior Assistant Appellate Counsel.
Representing Appellee: Peter K. Michael, Wyoming Attorney General; David L. Delicath, Deputy Attorney General; Jeffrey Pope, Assistant Attorney General.
Before KITE, C.J., and HILL, VOIGT *, and DAVIS, JJ.†
[¶ 1] Ronald D. Allaback pleaded guilty to three counts of identity theft in violation of Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 6–3–901(a)(c)(ii) (LexisNexis 2013). The district court imposed a sentence of incarceration which it suspended in favor of eight years probation. The district court subsequently revoked and reinstated Mr. Allaback's probation three different times. When the State filed a fourth petition to revoke, the district court granted the petition and imposed the underlying sentence of five to nine years incarceration.
[¶ 2] Mr. Allaback did not timely appeal from the order revoking probation and imposing sentence. After he filed a petition for writ of certiorari asking this Court to restore his appeal, we remanded to the district court for a hearing on the issue of whether defense counsel was ineffective. The district court held counsel was ineffective in failing to follow Mr. Allaback's instruction to file an appeal. Based on that ruling, this Court restored the appeal from the probation revocation. We now affirm the order revoking probation.
[¶ 3] Mr. Allaback presents the following issue for this Court's determination:
Did the trial court abuse its discretion by revoking his probation, considering that he did not receive proper notice of the charges against him and that he had previously been sanctioned for two of the violations?
[¶ 4] In 2004, Mr. Allaback pled guilty to three counts of felony identity theft. The district court imposed concurrent sentences of six to nine years and ordered the sentencesto be served consecutively to a sentence Mr. Allaback had received in another case. The district court then suspended the prison sentences in favor of eight years of supervised probation to begin after Mr. Allaback's release from the sentence in the other case.
[¶ 5] In 2008 and 2009, the State filed three petitions to revoke Mr. Allaback's probation. Each time the district court revoked and reinstated probation. The third time, the district court also ordered Mr. Allaback to complete a program at Volunteers of America.
[¶ 6] In November of 2011, the State filed a fourth petition to revoke probation along with an affidavit of one of Mr. Allaback's probation officers alleging numerous violations of the conditions of his probation, including that he missed appointments, admitted he had been in a bar, submitted to a breath test which showed a .091% blood alcohol content (BAC), had been in another establishment where alcohol was the main source of income, failed to maintain the schedule imposed on him, and had a checking account. On April 23, 2012, at the revocation hearing, another probation officer testified that two of the dates on the affidavit were incorrect; rather than missing appointments in August 2011 as the affidavit stated, the missed appointments were in September 2011. Defense counsel objected and the district court ordered a continuance to allow the State to provide accurate dates. Later that day, the State filed an amended affidavit which changed three dates from August 2011 to September 2011. The first two dates involved the allegations that Mr. Allaback had missed appointments; the third date concerned the allegation that Mr. Allaback admitted to having been in a bar and submitted to a breath test that showed he had consumed alcohol.
[¶ 7] When the revocation hearing resumed on April 25, 2012, the prosecutor informed the court that he was relying on the amended affidavit which, he reiterated, changed the month from August to September in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Defense counsel responded that he had not seen the amended affidavit but the amendments were “fine” with him and he did not need a copy of the amended affidavit. The district court asked defense counsel whether he felt the amendment put him at a disadvantage in terms of being properly prepared for the hearing and defense counsel responded that it did not and he felt the amendment was appropriate. The probation officers proceeded to testify in accordance with the amended affidavit.
[¶ 8] After hearing testimony from the probation officers and Mr. Allaback, the district court found that Mr. Allaback had violated his probation by having a checking account, being in a bar and having a BAC of .091%. The district court revoked probation and imposed the original sentence of five to nine years with credit for 564 days served. In its written revocation order, the district court found Mr. Allaback had violated his probation by having a checking account, being in a bar, having a BAC of .091% and failing to comply with his probation schedule.
[¶ 9] Five months later, on November 9, 2012, Mr. Allaback filed a petition for writ of certiorari asking this Court to restore his direct appeal, the deadline for which had expired with no notice of appeal having been filed. The Court granted the petition in part and ordered the district court to hold an evidentiary hearing for the purpose of determining whether defense counsel had been ineffective in not filing a notice of appeal. Following the hearing, the district court found defense counsel was ineffective in failing to file a notice of appeal as Mr. Allaback had requested him to do. Based upon the district court's findings, this Court granted Mr. Allaback's petition in full to restore his appeal from the order revoking probation and imposing sentence.
[¶ 10] A district court's decision to revoke probation and impose a sentence is discretionary and will not be disturbed unless the record demonstrates a clear abuse of discretion. DeMillard v. State, 2013 WY 99, ¶ 10, 308 P.3d 825, 829 (Wyo.2013). See also Sinning v. State, 2007 WY 193, ¶ 8, 172 P.3d 388, 389 (Wyo.2007). We review the district court's revocation decision to determine whether the court could reasonably conclude as it did. Id. We review Mr. Allaback's claims that his constitutional rights were violated de novo. Counts v. State, 2008 WY 156, ¶ 11, 197 P.3d 1280, 1283 (Wyo.2008).
[¶ 11] Mr. Allaback asserts that the combination of three errors in the revocation proceedings affected the entire process to such an extent that the district court abused its discretion in ordering revocation. First, he claims the State's last minute amendment of the affidavit violated his due process right to be informed of the charges against him and that any waiver of that right by his counsel was inadequate. Second, he argues that he had already been sanctioned for some of the violations for which he was punished again in the proceedings leading up to this appeal. Third, he asserts some of the violations depended on the probation officer's subjective judgment about the conditions of probation and whether he violated them.
[¶ 12] The State responds that the district court acted reasonably in revoking Mr. Allaback's probation. Addressing his first claim of error, the State asserts Mr. Allaback had adequate notice of the charges against him, he admitted the events occurred although not on the dates identified in the affidavit and his counsel conceded the incorrect dates did not affect his ability to present a defense. As for the second claim of error, the State contends Mr. Allaback was not punished twice for the same events. Rather than being sanctioned previously, Mr. Allaback opted to enroll in intensive supervised probation as an alternative to revocation of his probation. Finally, the State asserts the probation officer's subjective interpretation of the conditions of probation did not affect the district court's findings.
[¶ 13] We begin by addressing Mr. Allaback's contention that he did not receive adequate notice of the charges against him. Probation revocation proceedings are governed by W.R.Cr.P. 39. In addressing such proceedings under the rule, we have said:
The proceedings for probation revocation consist of a two-part process. The first part, the adjudicatory phase, requires the district court to determine by a preponderance of the evidence whether a condition of probation was violated. The second, dispositional phase, is triggered only upon a finding that a condition of probation was violated. In this phase, the district court must deliberate not only upon the violation, but also the reasons the conditions were originally imposed and the circumstances surrounding the violation. After consideration of all these factors, the district court must then determine the appropriate consequences of the probationer's violation.
In the adjudicatory phase, the Fourteenth Amendment right to due process and the Wyoming Rules of Evidence apply. In the dispositional phase, only general due process protections continue to attach and the rules of evidence are suspended.
Sinning, ¶ 9, 172 P.3d at 390, quoting Mapp v. State, 929 P.2d 1222, 1226 (Wyo.1996). Notice to a probationer of the grounds for revocation is fundamental and failure to provide such notice is a defect affecting a substantial right. Sinning, ¶ 10, 172 P.3d at 390, citing Anderson v. State, 2002 WY 46, ¶ 26, 43 P.3d 108, 118 (Wyo.2002). However, while a probationer is entitled to notice of the nature of the conduct alleged as grounds for revocation of his probation, such conduct need not be alleged with the same degree of specificity as is required in an indictment, information, or complaint. Murphy v. State, 592 P.2d 1159, 1162 (Wyo.1979); Counts, ¶ 13, 197 P.3d at 1283. Moreover,...
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